Django REST API con JWT y OpenAPI (Swagger)

API productiva con Django 6 y DRF, autenticación robusta con JWT. Documentación interactiva y auto-generada con Swagger/OpenAPI. CRUD de tareas listo para integrarse con frontends modernos vía CORS.

1. Crear entorno virtual y activarlo

python -m venv venv
source venv/bin/activate  # Linux/Mac
venv\Scripts\activate     # Windows

2. Instalar dependencias

pip install django djangorestframework
pip install django-cors-headers
pip install drf-spectacular

3. Crear proyecto Django

django-admin startproject myproject .

4. Crear app

python manage.py startapp myapp

5. Configurar settings.py

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'rest_framework',  # Agregar
    'myapp',           # Agregar
]

6. Crear modelo (myapp/models.py)

from django.db import models

class Task(models.Model):
    title = models.CharField(max_length=200)
    description = models.TextField()
    completed = models.BooleanField(default=False)
    created_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.title

7. Crear migraciones y migrar

python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate

8. Crear serializer (myapp/serializers.py)

from rest_framework import serializers
from .models import Task

class TaskSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = Task
        fields = '__all__'

9. Crear views (myapp/views.py)

from rest_framework import viewsets
from .models import Task
from .serializers import TaskSerializer

class TaskViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
    queryset = Task.objects.all()
    serializer_class = TaskSerializer

10. Configurar URLs del proyecto (myproject/urls.py)

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path, include

urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path('api/', include('myapp.urls')),
]

11. Crear URLs de la app (myapp/urls.py)

from django.urls import path, include
from rest_framework.routers import DefaultRouter
from .views import TaskViewSet

router = DefaultRouter()
router.register(r'tasks', TaskViewSet)

urlpatterns = [
    path('', include(router.urls)),
]