nimgen

Nimgen has been superseded by nimterop. Existing wrappers are slowly being migrated over to nimterop. No new features will be implemented going forward.

Nimgen is a helper for c2nim to simplify and automate the wrapping of C libraries.

Nimgen can be used to automate the process of manipulating C files so that c2nim can be run on them without issues. This includes adding/removing code snippets, removal of complex preprocessor definitions that c2nim doesn't yet comprehend and recursively running on #include files.

Installation

Nimgen can be installed via Nimble:

> nimble install nimgen

This will download, build and install nimgen in the standard Nimble package location, typically ~/.nimble. Once installed, it can be run just like c2nim.

Usage

Nimgen is driven by a simple .cfg file that is read using the Nim parsecfg module. The sections of the file are described further below.

> nimgen package.cfg

A Nimble package for a library that is wrapped with nimgen will have the following:-

• The .cfg file that tells nimgen what exactly to do
• Nimgen defined as a dependency defined in the .nimble file
• Steps within the .nimble file to download the source code that is being wrapped

This way, the library source code doesn't need to get checked into the Nimble package and can evolve independently.

Nimble already requires Git so those commands can be assumed to be present to download source from a repository. Mercurial is also suggested but depends on the user. Downloading arbitrary files depends on the OS. For Linux, wget/curl can be assumed. On Windows, powershell can be used.

Capabilities & Limitations

Nimgen supports compiling in C/C++ sources and static libraries as well as loading in dynamic libraries.

To see examples of nimgen in action check out the following wrappers:-

• Link with a dynamic library

  • nimlibxlsxwriter - libxlsxwriter wrapper
    • git checkout
  • nim-clblast - OpenCL BLAS wrapper
    • static

• Compile C/C++ code into binary

  • nim7z - 7z decoder wrapper: docs
    • git sparse checkout
  • nimbigwig - libbigWig wrapper: docs
    • git checkout
  • nimclipboard - libclipboard wrapper: docs
    • git checkout
  • nimfastText - fastText wrapper: docs
    • git sparse checkout
  • nimfuzzy - fts_fuzzy_match wrapper: docs
    • download header file
  • nimkerberos - WinKerberos wrapper: docs
    • git sparse checkout
  • nimmonocypher - monocypher wrapper: docs
    • git sparse checkout
  • nimnuklear - nuklear wrapper: docs

Nimgen only supports the gcc preprocessor at this time. Support for detecting and using other preprocessors will be based on interest.

Config file

In all sections below, environment variables are supported via Nim's string interpolation % symbol imported from the strutils module. Simply use double quotes to enclose any value and put $ or ${} around the environment variable name. In addition, the output var from the n.global section is available as ${output}. For example:

[n.global]
c_compiler="$CC"
cpp_compiler="${CPP}-arm"
output="src/path"

[n.include]
"${output}/library/include"
"${MY_INCLUDE_PATH}/include"

Append -win, -lin and -mac/osx for OS specific sections and tasks. E.g. n.global-win, n.post-lin, download-win, execute-lin-mac.unique1. -unix can be used as a shortcut for -lin-mac.

[n.global]

output = name of the Nimble project once installed, also location to place generated .nim files

quotes = pick up any headers included using "" (and not <> which is typically used for standard headers) [default: true]

filter = string to identify and recurse into library .h files in #include statements and exclude standard headers

cpp_compiler = string to specify a CPP compiler executable. [default: g++]

c_compiler = string to specify a C compiler executable. [default: gcc]

[n.include]

List of all directories, one per line, to include in the search path. This is used by:-

• The preprocessor for #include files
• Nimgen to find #include files that are recursively processed

Nimgen also adds {.passC.} declarations into the generated .nim files for these include paths if compiling source files directly.

[n.exclude]

List of all directories or files to exclude from all parsing. If an entry here matches any portion of a file, it is excluded from recursive processing.

[n.prepare]

The following keys can be used to prepare dependencies such as downloading ZIP files, cloning Git repositories, etc. Multiple entries are possible by appending any .string to the key. E.g. download.file1.

download = url to download to the output directory. ZIP files are automatically extracted. Files are not redownloaded if already present but re-extracted

extract = ZIP file to extract in case they are local and don't need to be downloaded. Path is relative to output directory.

gitcheckout = branch, commit or tag of repository to checkout in following Git command, resets after each use. Use "-b name" for branches

gitbranch = master/main branch of the repository, defaults to master

gitoutput = directory for all following Git commands relative to n.global:output [default: n.global:output directory]

git = url of Git repository to clone. Full repo is pulled so gitremote + gitsparse is preferable. Resets if already present

gitremote = url of Git repository to partially checkout. Use with gitsparse to pull only files and dirs of interest

gitsparse = list of files and/or dirs to include in partial checkout, one per line. Resets if already present

execute = command to run during preparation

copy = copy a file to another location. Preferred over moving to preserve original. Comma separate for multiple entries. E.g. copy = "output/config.h.in=output/config.h"

[n.post]

This section is the same as the prepare section, but for performing actions after the project has been processed.

gitoutput = output directory for Git reset [default: n.global:output directory]

reset = perform a Git reset on all files after processing [default: false]

execute = command to run after processing

[n.wildcard]

File wildcards such as .nim, ssl.h, etc. can be used to perform tasks across a group of files. This is useful to define common operations such as global text replacements without having to specify an explicit section for every single file. These operations will be performed on every matching file that is defined as a sourcefile or recursed files. Only applies on source files following the wildcard declarations.

wildcard = pattern to match against. All keys following the wildcard declaration will apply to matched files

[n.sourcefile]

This section allows selection of multiple sourcefiles without requiring a detailed section for each file. Each specific file can be listed one line at a time and file wildcards can be used to include multiple source files. E.g. $output/include/*/h. [n.wildcard] definitions can be used to perform common operations on these source files if required.

[sourcefile]

The following keys apply to library source code and help with generating the .nim files. -win, -lin and -osx can be used for OS specific tasks. E.g. dynlib-win, pragma-win.

recurse = find #include files and process them [default: false]

inline = include #include files into file being processed, alternative method to processing each header file separately with recurse. Multiple source files will get combined into the same .nim output files [default: false]

preprocess = run preprocessor (gcc -E) on file to remove #defines, etc. [default: false] - this is especially useful when c2nim doesn't support complex preprocessor usage

ctags = run ctags on file to filter out function definitions [default: false] - this requires the ctags executable and is an alternative to filter out preprocessor complexity

defines = pulls out simple #defines of ints, floats and hex values for separate conversion [default: false] - works only when preprocess or ctags is used and helps include useful definitions in generated .nim file

flags = flags to pass to the c2nim process in "quotes" [default: --stdcall]. --cdecl, --assumedef, --assumendef may be useful

ppflags = flags to pass to the preprocessor [default: ""]. -D for gcc and others may be useful

noprocess = do not process this source file with c2nim [default: false] - this is useful if a file only needs to be manipulated

nowildcard = ignore any wildcard definitions for this sourcefile

reset = reset the file back to original state after all processing [default: false]

Multiple entries for the all following keys are possible by appending any .string to the key. E.g. dynlib.win, compile.dir

compile = file or dir of files of source code to {.compile.} into generated .nim. If directory, picks *.c if C mode and *.cxx, *.cpp, *.cc, *.c++ and .C for cpp mode. Dir can also include wildcards. e.g. compile = """dir/A.cxx"""

pragma = pragmas to define in generated .nim file. E.g. pragma = "passL: "-lssl"" => {.passL: "-lssl".}

dynlib = dynamic library to load at runtime for generated .nim procs

The following keys apply to library source code (before processing) and generated .nim files (after processing) and allow manipulating the files as required to enable successful wrapping. They are not propagated to #include files when recurse = true.

create = create a file at exact location with contents specified. File needs to be in the [n.exclude] list in order to be created.

pipe = execute a command on a file and store the output of the command as the new file contents. E.g. pipe = "cat $file | grep 'static inline'"

search = search string providing context for following prepend/