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Islamabad NDVI Analysis (2016–2025)
Overview
This project analyzes vegetation changes in Islamabad, Pakistan, from 2016 to 2025 using Sentinel-2 satellite imagery and NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index). It quantifies vegetation health and detects areas of vegetation loss or gain over time.
Project Structure
Data - Original Sentinel-2 .jp2 files
outputs/ndvi_maps/ - NDVI maps for each year
outputs/ndvi_diff_maps/ - NDVI difference maps (e.g., 2020 vs 2016)
outputs/trend_plots/ - Mean NDVI trend plots
report/ndvi_analysis.pdf - Full report
scripts/ - Python scripts for calculation, clipping, and plotting
Data
- Satellite: Sentinel-2 MSI
- Bands Used: B04 (Red), B08 (NIR)
- Spatial Resolution: 10 m × 10 m
- Area: Islamabad bounding box (72.8°–73.3°E, 33.5°–33.9°N)
- Dates: June 2016, June 2020, June 2025
Methodology
- Extract Red and NIR bands from Sentinel-2 JP2 files
- Clip images to Islamabad bounding box
- Compute NDVI:
(NIR - RED) / (NIR + RED)
- Compute NDVI difference:
NDVI_later - NDVI_earlier
- Calculate mean NDVI for trend analysis
- Visualize NDVI maps and NDVI difference maps
Results
- NDVI maps for 2016, 2020, 2025
- NDVI difference maps highlighting vegetation loss/gain
- Trend line showing mean NDVI decline over 9 years
Dependencies
Python libraries used:
rasterio
numpy
matplotlib
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