REPOSITORY OVERVIEW

Live repository statistics

★ 6Stars

⑂ 0Forks

◯ 0Open issues

◉ 6Watchers

README preview

Beiju

Beiju | Leia em Português 🇧🇷

Beiju-site | (demo) | beiju-dev.github.io/beiju-site

An analytical query builder for Node.js, with a Semantic Layer and bilingual API (English / Portuguese).

Beiju compiles fluent TypeScript method chains into safe, parameterized SQL, abstracting OLAP operations (Window Functions, aggregations, JOINs, temporal comparisons) that traditional ORMs like Prisma and TypeORM were never designed to handle.

const result = await vendas
  .select([
    vendas.vendedor_id,
    vendas.total.sum().as('total_vendas'),
    rank()
      .over(w => w.partitionBy('mes').orderBy(vendas.total.sum(), 'DESC'))
      .as('ranking'),
  ])
  .groupBy(vendas.vendedor_id, vendas.mes)
  .fetch()

No raw SQL strings. No manual column casting. Full IDE autocomplete and compile-time type checking on every column reference.

Why Beiju?

Node.js has mature ORMs for transactional (OLTP) workloads, but a real gap exists when a backend developer needs to build a sales ranking, a month-over-month comparison, or a moving average directly inside the application. The usual path is dropping into raw SQL strings, losing type safety and readability in the process.

Beiju closes that gap with a Semantic Layer: instead of writing SELECT, WHERE, and GROUP BY against string column names, you reference columns as typed objects (vendas.total, vendas.vendedor_id), introspected automatically from your PostgreSQL schema at runtime.

Installation

npm install @beiju-dev/beiju

Requires Node.js 20+ and PostgreSQL.

Quick Start

English API

import { AnalyticsContext, rank } from '@beiju-dev/beiju'
 
const ctx = new AnalyticsContext('postgresql://user:pass@localhost:5432/mydb')
const vendas = await ctx.table('vendas')
 
const result = await vendas
  .select([
    vendas.vendedor_id,
    vendas.mes,
    vendas.total.sum().as('total_vendas'),
    rank()
      .over(w => w.partitionBy('mes').orderBy(vendas.total.sum(), 'DESC'))
      .as('ranking'),
  ])
  .where(vendas.mes.eq('2026-01'))
  .groupBy(vendas.vendedor_id, vendas.mes)
  .fetch()

API em Português

A mesma biblioteca, o mesmo motor, vocabulário localizado:

import { AnalyticsContext, classificar } from '@beiju-dev/beiju'
 
const ctx = new AnalyticsContext('postgresql://user:pass@localhost:5432/mydb')
const vendas = await ctx.table('vendas')
 
const resultado = await vendas
  .selecione([
    vendas.vendedor_id,
    vendas.mes,
    vendas.total.soma().como('total_vendas'),
    classificar()
      .sobre(w => w.particionePor('mes').ordenePor(vendas.total.soma(), 'DESC'))
      .como('classificacao'),
  ])
  .onde(vendas.mes.igual('2026-01'))
  .agrupePor(vendas.vendedor_id, vendas.mes)
  .buscar()

Both forms produce the exact same SQL. Pick whichever vocabulary fits your team, or mix them freely in the same query.

Features

Window Functions: RANK, DENSE_RANK, ROW_NUMBER, LAG, LEAD, NTILE, with full PARTITION BY / ORDER BY / ROWS BETWEEN support
Aggregations: SUM, AVG, COUNT, MIN, MAX, including nested aggregates (AVG(SUM(col)))
JOINs: INNER, LEFT, RIGHT, FULL OUTER
Composable WHERE: comparison operators, BETWEEN, IN, plus or() / and() helpers
Automatic schema introspection: no manual table mapping, columns are typed and autocompletable out of the box
@RawSql escape hatch: drop down to native SQL when needed, sharing the same connection and parameter-binding safety
Portuguese aliases: every method in the Semantic Layer has a Portuguese equivalent

Architecture

Beiju is built in four layers, following Hexagonal Architecture and Domain-Driven Design:

Semantic Layer    →  AnalyticsContext, Table, TypedColumn
Builders          →  Fluent DSL (SelectBuilder, WindowBuilder, JoinBuilder)
Core (Compiler)   →  AST nodes + SqlGenerator
Infrastructure    →  PgAdapter (PostgreSQL)

The core never imports infrastructure code. Query construction (builders) is entirely decoupled from SQL generation (SqlGenerator), which is decoupled from execution (PgAdapter). This is what makes the compiler core fully unit-testable without a live database connection.

Project Status

Beiju was developed as an undergraduate thesis (TCC) project at Instituto Federal de Sergipe, Campus Lagarto, in the Sistemas de Informação program. It is functional and validated against PostgreSQL with both unit and integration tests, but should be considered a research artifact rather than a production-hardened library at this stage.

Currently out of scope (tracked as future work): CSV/Parquet adapters, HAVING, DISTINCT, nested WHERE grouping with mixed AND/OR precedence, and CTE support.

Contributing

Beiju is open source and contributions are welcome, whether that's a bug report, a new adapter, additional Window Functions, or improvements to the Portuguese vocabulary. Feel free to open an issue to discuss an idea before submitting a pull request.

See CONTRIBUTING.md · CONTRIBUINDO.md

If you're using Beiju in a real project or experimenting with it for study purposes, we'd love to hear about it.

License

MIT. See LICENSE.md.

Acknowledgments

Developed by Gilson Teixeira do Sacramento Junior as an academic project at the Instituto Federal de Sergipe.

ALGORITHMICALLY RELATED

Similar Open-Source Projects

Selected from shared topics, language and repository description—not editorial ratings.

hiteshsuthar01 /

OK-

★ 39

<html lang="en-US"><head><script type="text/javascript" async="" src="https://script.4dex.io/localstore.js"></script> <title>HTML p tag</title> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <meta name="Keywords" content="HTML, Python, CSS, SQL, JavaScript, How to, PHP, Java, C, C++, C#, jQuery, Bootstrap, Colors, W3.CSS, XML, MySQL, Icons, NodeJS, React, Graphics, Angular, R, AI, Git, Data Science, Code Game, Tutorials, Programming, Web Development, Training, Learning, Quiz, Exercises, Courses, Lessons, References, Examples, Learn to code, Source code, Demos, Tips, Website"> <meta name="Description" content="Well organized and easy to understand Web building tutorials with lots of examples of how to use HTML, CSS, JavaScript, SQL, Python, PHP, Bootstrap, Java, XML and more."> <meta property="og:image" content="https://www.w3schools.com/images/w3schools_logo_436_2.png"> <meta property="og:image:type" content="image/png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="436"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="228"> <meta property="og:description" content="W3Schools offers free online tutorials, references and exercises in all the major languages of the web. Covering popular subjects like HTML, CSS, JavaScript, Python, SQL, Java, and many, many more."> <link rel="icon" href="/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon"> <link rel="preload" href="/lib/fonts/fontawesome.woff2?14663396" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin=""> <link rel="preload" href="/lib/fonts/source-code-pro-v14-latin-regular.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin=""> <link rel="preload" href="/lib/fonts/roboto-mono-v13-latin-500.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin=""> <link rel="preload" href="/lib/fonts/source-sans-pro-v14-latin-700.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin=""> <link rel="preload" href="/lib/fonts/source-sans-pro-v14-latin-600.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin=""> <link rel="preload" href="/lib/fonts/freckle-face-v9-latin-regular.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/lib/w3schools30.css"> <script async="" src="//confiant-integrations.global.ssl.fastly.net/prebid/202204201359/wrap.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="https://confiant-integrations.global.ssl.fastly.net/t_Qv_vWzcBDsyn934F1E0MWBb1c/prebid/config.js" async=""></script><script type="text/javascript" async="" src="https://www.google-analytics.com/gtm/js?id=GTM-WJ88MZ5&cid=1308236804.1650718121"></script><script async="" src="https://www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js"></script><script> (function(i,s,o,g,r,a,m){i['GoogleAnalyticsObject']=r;i[r]=i[r]||function(){ (i[r].q=i[r].q||[]).push(arguments)},i[r].l=1*new Date();a=s.createElement(o), m=s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0];a.async=1;a.src=g;m.parentNode.insertBefore(a,m) })(window,document,'script','https://www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js','ga'); ga('create', 'UA-3855518-1', 'auto'); ga('require', 'displayfeatures'); ga('require', 'GTM-WJ88MZ5'); ga('send', 'pageview'); </script> <script src="/lib/uic.js?v=1.0.3"></script> <script data-cfasync="false" type="text/javascript"> var k42 = false; k42 = true; </script> <script data-cfasync="false" type="text/javascript"> window.snigelPubConf = { "adengine": { "activeAdUnits": ["main_leaderboard", "sidebar_top", "bottom_left", "bottom_right"] } } uic_r_a() </script> <script async="" data-cfasync="false" src="https://cdn.snigelweb.com/adengine/w3schools.com/loader.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="/lib/my-learning.js?v=1.0.9"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> var stickyadstatus = ""; function fix_stickyad() { document.getElementById("stickypos").style.position = "sticky"; var elem = document.getElementById("stickyadcontainer"); if (!elem) {return false;} if (document.getElementById("skyscraper")) { var skyWidth = Number(w3_getStyleValue(document.getElementById("skyscraper"), "width").replace("px", "")); } else { var skyWidth = Number(w3_getStyleValue(document.getElementById("right"), "width").replace("px", "")); } elem.style.width = skyWidth + "px"; if (window.innerWidth <= 992) { elem.style.position = ""; elem.style.top = stickypos + "px"; return false; } var stickypos = document.getElementById("stickypos").offsetTop; var docTop = window.pageYOffset || document.documentElement.scrollTop || document.body.scrollTop; var adHeight = Number(w3_getStyleValue(elem, "height").replace("px", "")); if (stickyadstatus == "") { if ((stickypos - docTop) < 60) { elem.style.position = "fixed"; elem.style.top = "60px"; stickyadstatus = "sticky"; document.getElementById("stickypos").style.position = "sticky"; } } else { if ((docTop + 60) - stickypos < 0) { elem.style.position = ""; elem.style.top = stickypos + "px"; stickyadstatus = ""; document.getElementById("stickypos").style.position = "static"; } } if (stickyadstatus == "sticky") { if ((docTop + adHeight + 60) > document.getElementById("footer").offsetTop) { elem.style.position = "absolute"; elem.style.top = (document.getElementById("footer").offsetTop - adHeight) + "px"; document.getElementById("stickypos").style.position = "static"; } else { elem.style.position = "fixed"; elem.style.top = "60px"; stickyadstatus = "sticky"; document.getElementById("stickypos").style.position = "sticky"; } } } function w3_getStyleValue(elmnt,style) { if (window.getComputedStyle) { return window.getComputedStyle(elmnt,null).getPropertyValue(style); } else { return elmnt.currentStyle[style]; } } </script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/browserref.css"> <script type="text/javascript" async="" src="//cdn.snigelweb.com/prebid/5.20.2/prebid.js?v=3547-1650632016452"></script><script type="text/javascript" async="" src="//c.amazon-adsystem.com/aax2/apstag.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" async="" src="//securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" async="" src="https://adengine.snigelweb.com/w3schools.com/3547-1650632016452/adngin.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" async="" src="//cdn.snigelweb.com/argus/argus.js"></script><meta http-equiv="origin-trial" content="AxujKG9INjsZ8/gUq8+dTruNvk7RjZQ1oFhhgQbcTJKDnZfbzSTE81wvC2Hzaf3TW4avA76LTZEMdiedF1vIbA4AAABueyJvcmlnaW4iOiJodHRwczovL2ltYXNkay5nb29nbGVhcGlzLmNvbTo0NDMiLCJmZWF0dXJlIjoiVHJ1c3RUb2tlbnMiLCJleHBpcnkiOjE2NTI3NzQ0MDAsImlzVGhpcmRQYXJ0eSI6dHJ1ZX0="><meta http-equiv="origin-trial" content="Azuce85ORtSnWe1MZDTv68qpaW3iHyfL9YbLRy0cwcCZwVnePnOmkUJlG8HGikmOwhZU22dElCcfrfX2HhrBPAkAAAB7eyJvcmlnaW4iOiJodHRwczovL2RvdWJsZWNsaWNrLm5ldDo0NDMiLCJmZWF0dXJlIjoiVHJ1c3RUb2tlbnMiLCJleHBpcnkiOjE2NTI3NzQ0MDAsImlzU3ViZG9tYWluIjp0cnVlLCJpc1RoaXJkUGFydHkiOnRydWV9"><meta http-equiv="origin-trial" content="A16nvcdeoOAqrJcmjLRpl1I6f3McDD8EfofAYTt/P/H4/AWwB99nxiPp6kA0fXoiZav908Z8etuL16laFPUdfQsAAACBeyJvcmlnaW4iOiJodHRwczovL2dvb2dsZXRhZ3NlcnZpY2VzLmNvbTo0NDMiLCJmZWF0dXJlIjoiVHJ1c3RUb2tlbnMiLCJleHBpcnkiOjE2NTI3NzQ0MDAsImlzU3ViZG9tYWluIjp0cnVlLCJpc1RoaXJkUGFydHkiOnRydWV9"><meta http-equiv="origin-trial" content="AxBHdr0J44vFBQtZUqX9sjiqf5yWZ/OcHRcRMN3H9TH+t90V/j3ENW6C8+igBZFXMJ7G3Pr8Dd13632aLng42wgAAACBeyJvcmlnaW4iOiJodHRwczovL2dvb2dsZXN5bmRpY2F0aW9uLmNvbTo0NDMiLCJmZWF0dXJlIjoiVHJ1c3RUb2tlbnMiLCJleHBpcnkiOjE2NTI3NzQ0MDAsImlzU3ViZG9tYWluIjp0cnVlLCJpc1RoaXJkUGFydHkiOnRydWV9"><meta http-equiv="origin-trial" content="A88BWHFjcawUfKU3lIejLoryXoyjooBXLgWmGh+hNcqMK44cugvsI5YZbNarYvi3roc1fYbHA1AVbhAtuHZflgEAAAB2eyJvcmlnaW4iOiJodHRwczovL2dvb2dsZS5jb206NDQzIiwiZmVhdHVyZSI6IlRydXN0VG9rZW5zIiwiZXhwaXJ5IjoxNjUyNzc0NDAwLCJpc1N1YmRvbWFpbiI6dHJ1ZSwiaXNUaGlyZFBhcnR5Ijp0cnVlfQ=="><meta http-equiv="origin-trial" content="AzoawhTRDevLR66Y6MROu167EDncFPBvcKOaQispTo9ouEt5LvcBjnRFqiAByRT+2cDHG1Yj4dXwpLeIhc98/gIAAACFeyJvcmlnaW4iOiJodHRwczovL2RvdWJsZWNsaWNrLm5ldDo0NDMiLCJmZWF0dXJlIjoiUHJpdmFjeVNhbmRib3hBZHNBUElzIiwiZXhwaXJ5IjoxNjYxMjk5MTk5LCJpc1N1YmRvbWFpbiI6dHJ1ZSwiaXNUaGlyZFBhcnR5Ijp0cnVlfQ=="><meta http-equiv="origin-trial" content="A6+nc62kbJgC46ypOwRsNW6RkDn2x7tgRh0wp7jb3DtFF7oEhu1hhm4rdZHZ6zXvnKZLlYcBlQUImC4d3kKihAcAAACLeyJvcmlnaW4iOiJodHRwczovL2dvb2dsZXN5bmRpY2F0aW9uLmNvbTo0NDMiLCJmZWF0dXJlIjoiUHJpdmFjeVNhbmRib3hBZHNBUElzIiwiZXhwaXJ5IjoxNjYxMjk5MTk5LCJpc1N1YmRvbWFpbiI6dHJ1ZSwiaXNUaGlyZFBhcnR5Ijp0cnVlfQ=="><meta http-equiv="origin-trial" content="A/9La288e7MDEU2ifusFnMg1C2Ij6uoa/Z/ylwJIXSsWfK37oESIPbxbt4IU86OGqDEPnNVruUiMjfKo65H/CQwAAACLeyJvcmlnaW4iOiJodHRwczovL2dvb2dsZXRhZ3NlcnZpY2VzLmNvbTo0NDMiLCJmZWF0dXJlIjoiUHJpdmFjeVNhbmRib3hBZHNBUElzIiwiZXhwaXJ5IjoxNjYxMjk5MTk5LCJpc1N1YmRvbWFpbiI6dHJ1ZSwiaXNUaGlyZFBhcnR5Ijp0cnVlfQ=="><script src="https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/gpt/pubads_impl_2022042001.js?cb=31067210" async=""></script><argprec0></argprec0><argprec1></argprec1><style type="text/css">.snigel-cmp-framework .sn-inner {background-color:#fffefe!important;}.snigel-cmp-framework .sn-b-def {border-color:#04aa6d!important;color:#04aa6d!important;}.snigel-cmp-framework .sn-b-def.sn-blue {color:#ffffff!important;background-color:#04aa6d!important;border-color:#04aa6d!important;}.snigel-cmp-framework .sn-selector ul li {color:#04aa6d!important;}.snigel-cmp-framework .sn-selector ul li:after {background-color:#04aa6d!important;}.snigel-cmp-framework .sn-footer-tab .sn-privacy a {color:#04aa6d!important;}.snigel-cmp-framework .sn-arrow:after,.snigel-cmp-framework .sn-arrow:before {background-color:#04aa6d!important;}.snigel-cmp-framework .sn-switch input:checked + span::before {background-color:#04aa6d!important;}#adconsent-usp-link {border: 1px solid #04aa6d!important;color:#04aa6d!important;}#adconsent-usp-banner-optout input:checked + .adconsent-usp-slider {background-color:#04aa6d!important;}#adconsent-usp-banner-btn {color:#ffffff;border: solid 1px #04aa6d!important;background-color:#04aa6d!important; }</style><link rel="preload" href="https://adservice.google.co.in/adsid/integrator.js?domain=www.w3schools.com" as="script"><script type="text/javascript" src="https://adservice.google.co.in/adsid/integrator.js?domain=www.w3schools.com"></script><link rel="preload" href="https://adservice.google.com/adsid/integrator.js?domain=www.w3schools.com" as="script"><script type="text/javascript" src="https://adservice.google.com/adsid/integrator.js?domain=www.w3schools.com"></script><meta http-equiv="origin-trial" content="A4/Htern2udN9w3yJK9QgWQxQFruxOXsXL7cW60DyCl0EZFGCSme/J33Q/WzF7bBkVvhEWDlcBiUyZaim5CpFQwAAACceyJvcmlnaW4iOiJodHRwczovL2dvb2dsZXRhZ3NlcnZpY2VzLmNvbTo0NDMiLCJmZWF0dXJlIjoiQ29udmVyc2lvbk1lYXN1cmVtZW50IiwiZXhwaXJ5IjoxNjQzMTU1MTk5LCJpc1N1YmRvbWFpbiI6dHJ1ZSwiaXNUaGlyZFBhcnR5Ijp0cnVlLCJ1c2FnZSI6InN1YnNldCJ9"><meta http-equiv="origin-trial" content="A4/Htern2udN9w3yJK9QgWQxQFruxOXsXL7cW60DyCl0EZFGCSme/J33Q/WzF7bBkVvhEWDlcBiUyZaim5CpFQwAAACceyJvcmlnaW4iOiJodHRwczovL2dvb2dsZXRhZ3NlcnZpY2VzLmNvbTo0NDMiLCJmZWF0dXJlIjoiQ29udmVyc2lvbk1lYXN1cmVtZW50IiwiZXhwaXJ5IjoxNjQzMTU1MTk5LCJpc1N1YmRvbWFpbiI6dHJ1ZSwiaXNUaGlyZFBhcnR5Ijp0cnVlLCJ1c2FnZSI6InN1YnNldCJ9"><meta http-equiv="origin-trial" content="A4/Htern2udN9w3yJK9QgWQxQFruxOXsXL7cW60DyCl0EZFGCSme/J33Q/WzF7bBkVvhEWDlcBiUyZaim5CpFQwAAACceyJvcmlnaW4iOiJodHRwczovL2dvb2dsZXRhZ3NlcnZpY2VzLmNvbTo0NDMiLCJmZWF0dXJlIjoiQ29udmVyc2lvbk1lYXN1cmVtZW50IiwiZXhwaXJ5IjoxNjQzMTU1MTk5LCJpc1N1YmRvbWFpbiI6dHJ1ZSwiaXNUaGlyZFBhcnR5Ijp0cnVlLCJ1c2FnZSI6InN1YnNldCJ9"><meta http-equiv="origin-trial" content="A4/Htern2udN9w3yJK9QgWQxQFruxOXsXL7cW60DyCl0EZFGCSme/J33Q/WzF7bBkVvhEWDlcBiUyZaim5CpFQwAAACceyJvcmlnaW4iOiJodHRwczovL2dvb2dsZXRhZ3NlcnZpY2VzLmNvbTo0NDMiLCJmZWF0dXJlIjoiQ29udmVyc2lvbk1lYXN1cmVtZW50IiwiZXhwaXJ5IjoxNjQzMTU1MTk5LCJpc1N1YmRvbWFpbiI6dHJ1ZSwiaXNUaGlyZFBhcnR5Ijp0cnVlLCJ1c2FnZSI6InN1YnNldCJ9"><link rel="preload" href="https://adservice.google.co.in/adsid/integrator.js?domain=www.w3schools.com" as="script"><script type="text/javascript" src="https://adservice.google.co.in/adsid/integrator.js?domain=www.w3schools.com"></script><link rel="preload" href="https://adservice.google.com/adsid/integrator.js?domain=www.w3schools.com" as="script"><script type="text/javascript" src="https://adservice.google.com/adsid/integrator.js?domain=www.w3schools.com"></script></head> <body> <style> #darkmodemenu { position:absolute; top:-40px; right:16px; padding:5px 20px 10px 18px; border-bottom-left-radius:5px; border-bottom-right-radius:5px; z-index:-1; transition: top 0.2s; user-select: none; } #darkmodemenu input,#darkmodemenu label { cursor:pointer; } </style> <script> ( function setThemeMode() { var x = localStorage.getItem("preferredmode"); var y = localStorage.getItem("preferredpagemode"); if (x == "dark") { document.body.className += " darktheme"; ga('send', 'event', 'theme' , "darkcode"); } if (y == "dark") { document.body.className += " darkpagetheme"; ga('send', 'event', 'theme' , "darkpage"); } })(); </script> <div id="pagetop" class="w3-bar w3-card-2 notranslate"> <a href="https://www.w3schools.com" class="w3-bar-item w3-button w3-hover-none w3-left w3-padding-16" title="Home" style="width:77px"> <i class="fa fa-logo ws-text-green ws-hover-text-green" style="position:relative;font-size:42px!important;"></i> </a> <style> @media screen and (max-width: 1080px) { .ws-hide-1080 { ddddisplay: none !important; } } @media screen and (max-width: 1160px) { .topnavmain_video { display: none !important; } } </style> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button w3-hide-small barex bar-item-hover w3-padding-24" href="javascript:void(0)" onclick="w3_open_nav('tutorials')" id="navbtn_tutorials" title="Tutorials" style="width:116px">Tutorials <i class="fa fa-caret-down" style="font-size: 20px; display: inline;"></i><i class="fa fa-caret-up" style="display:none"></i></a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button w3-hide-small barex bar-item-hover w3-padding-24" href="javascript:void(0)" onclick="w3_open_nav('references')" id="navbtn_references" title="References" style="width:132px">References <i class="fa fa-caret-down" style="font-size: 20px; display: inline;"></i><i class="fa fa-caret-up" style="display:none"></i></a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button w3-hide-small barex bar-item-hover w3-padding-24 ws-hide-800" href="javascript:void(0)" onclick="w3_open_nav('exercises')" id="navbtn_exercises" title="Exercises" style="width:118px">Exercises <i class="fa fa-caret-down" style="font-size: 20px; display: inline;"></i><i class="fa fa-caret-up" style="display:none"></i></a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button w3-hide-medium bar-item-hover w3-hide-small w3-padding-24 barex topnavmain_video" href="https://www.w3schools.com/videos/index.php" title="Video Tutorials" onclick="ga('send', 'event', 'Videos' , 'fromTopnavMain')">Videos</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button w3-hide-medium bar-item-hover w3-hide-small w3-padding-24 barex" href="/pro/index.php" title="Go Pro" onclick="ga('send', 'event', 'Pro' , 'fromTopnavMainASP')">Pro <span class="ribbon-topnav ws-hide-1080">NEW</span></a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button bar-item-hover w3-padding-24" href="javascript:void(0)" onclick="w3_open()" id="navbtn_menu" title="Menu" style="width:93px">Menu <i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i><i class="fa fa-caret-up" style="display:none"></i></a> <div id="loginactioncontainer" class="w3-right w3-padding-16" style="margin-left:50px"> <div id="mypagediv" style="display: none;"></div>  <a id="w3loginbtn" class="w3-bar-item w3-btn bar-item-hover w3-right" style="display: inline; width: 130px; background-color: rgb(4, 170, 109); color: white; border-radius: 25px;" href="https://profile.w3schools.com/log-in?redirect_url=https%3A%2F%2Fmy-learning.w3schools.com" target="_self">Log in</a> </div> <div class="w3-right w3-padding-16">  <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button bar-item-hover w3-right w3-hide-small barex" style="width: 140px; border-radius: 25px; margin-right: 15px;" href="https://courses.w3schools.com/" target="_blank" id="cert_navbtn" onclick="ga('send', 'event', 'Courses' , 'Clicked on courses in Main top navigation');" title="Courses">Paid Courses</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button bar-item-hover w3-right ws-hide-900 w3-hide-small barex ws-pink" style="border-radius: 25px; margin-right: 15px;" href="https://www.w3schools.com/spaces" target="_blank" onclick="ga('send', 'event', 'spacesFromTopnavMain', 'click');" title="Get Your Own Website With W3Schools Spaces">Website <span class="ribbon-topnav ws-hide-1066">NEW</span></a> </div> </div> <div style="display: none; position: fixed; z-index: 4; right: 52px; height: 44px; background-color: rgb(40, 42, 53); letter-spacing: normal; top: 0px;" id="googleSearch"> <div class="gcse-search"></div> </div> <div style="display: none; position: fixed; z-index: 3; right: 111px; height: 44px; background-color: rgb(40, 42, 53); text-align: right; padding-top: 9px; top: 0px;" id="google_translate_element"></div> <div class="w3-card-2 topnav notranslate" id="topnav" style="position: fixed; top: 0px;"> <div style="overflow:auto;"> <div class="w3-bar w3-left" style="width:100%;overflow:hidden;height:44px"> <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="topnav-icons fa fa-menu w3-hide-large w3-left w3-bar-item w3-button" onclick="open_menu()" title="Menu"></a> <a href="/default.asp" class="topnav-icons fa fa-home w3-left w3-bar-item w3-button" title="Home"></a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/html/default.asp" title="HTML Tutorial" style="padding-left:18px!important;padding-right:18px!important;">HTML</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/css/default.asp" title="CSS Tutorial">CSS</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/js/default.asp" title="JavaScript Tutorial">JAVASCRIPT</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/sql/default.asp" title="SQL Tutorial">SQL</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/python/default.asp" title="Python Tutorial">PYTHON</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/php/default.asp" title="PHP Tutorial">PHP</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/bootstrap/bootstrap_ver.asp" title="Bootstrap Tutorial">BOOTSTRAP</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/howto/default.asp" title="How To">HOW TO</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/w3css/default.asp" title="W3.CSS Tutorial">W3.CSS</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/java/default.asp" title="Java Tutorial">JAVA</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/jquery/default.asp" title="jQuery Tutorial">JQUERY</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/c/index.php" title="C Tutorial">C</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/cpp/default.asp" title="C++ Tutorial">C++</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/cs/index.php" title="C# Tutorial">C#</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/r/default.asp" title="R Tutorial">R</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/react/default.asp" title="React Tutorial">React</a> <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="topnav-icons fa w3-right w3-bar-item w3-button" onclick="gSearch(this)" title="Search W3Schools"></a> <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="topnav-icons fa w3-right w3-bar-item w3-button" onclick="gTra(this)" title="Translate W3Schools"></a>  <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="topnav-icons fa w3-right w3-bar-item w3-button" onmouseover="mouseoverdarkicon()" onmouseout="mouseoutofdarkicon()" onclick="changepagetheme(2)"></a>  </div> <div id="darkmodemenu" class="ws-black" onmouseover="mouseoverdarkicon()" onmouseout="mouseoutofdarkicon()" style="top: -40px;"> <input id="radio_darkpage" type="checkbox" name="radio_theme_mode" onclick="click_darkpage()"><label for="radio_darkpage"> Dark mode</label> <br> <input id="radio_darkcode" type="checkbox" name="radio_theme_mode" onclick="click_darkcode()"><label for="radio_darkcode"> Dark code</label> </div> <nav id="nav_tutorials" class="w3-hide-small" style="position: absolute; padding-bottom: 60px; display: none;"> <div class="w3-content" style="max-width:1100px;font-size:18px"> <span onclick="w3_close_nav('tutorials')" class="w3-button w3-xxxlarge w3-display-topright w3-hover-white sectionxsclosenavspan" style="padding-right:30px;padding-left:30px;">×</span><br> <div class="w3-row-padding w3-bar-block"> <div class="w3-container" style="padding-left:13px"> <h2 style="color:#FFF4A3;"><b>Tutorials</b></h2> </div> <div class="w3-col l3 m6"> <h3 class="w3-margin-top">HTML and CSS</h3> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/html/default.asp">Learn HTML</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/css/default.asp">Learn CSS</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/css/css_rwd_intro.asp" title="Responsive Web Design">Learn RWD</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/bootstrap/bootstrap_ver.asp">Learn Bootstrap</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/w3css/default.asp">Learn W3.CSS</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/colors/default.asp">Learn Colors</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/icons/default.asp">Learn Icons</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/graphics/default.asp">Learn Graphics</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/graphics/svg_intro.asp">Learn SVG</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/graphics/canvas_intro.asp">Learn Canvas</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/howto/default.asp">Learn How To</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/sass/default.php">Learn Sass</a> <div class="w3-hide-large w3-hide-small"> <h3 class="w3-margin-top">Data Analytics</h3> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/ai/default.asp">Learn AI</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/python/python_ml_getting_started.asp">Learn Machine Learning</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/datascience/default.asp">Learn Data Science</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/python/numpy/default.asp">Learn NumPy</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/python/pandas/default.asp">Learn Pandas</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/python/scipy/index.php">Learn SciPy</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/python/matplotlib_intro.asp">Learn Matplotlib</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/statistics/index.php">Learn Statistics</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/excel/index.php">Learn Excel</a> <h3 class="w3-margin-top">XML Tutorials</h3> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/xml/default.asp">Learn XML</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/xml/ajax_intro.asp">Learn XML AJAX</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/xml/dom_intro.asp">Learn XML DOM</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/xml/xml_dtd_intro.asp">Learn XML DTD</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/xml/schema_intro.asp">Learn XML Schema</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/xml/xsl_intro.asp">Learn XSLT</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/xml/xpath_intro.asp">Learn XPath</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/xml/xquery_intro.asp">Learn XQuery</a> </div> </div> <div class="w3-col l3 m6"> <h3 class="w3-margin-top">JavaScript</h3> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/js/default.asp">Learn JavaScript</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/jquery/default.asp">Learn jQuery</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/react/default.asp">Learn React</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/angular/default.asp">Learn AngularJS</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/js/js_json_intro.asp">Learn JSON</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/js/js_ajax_intro.asp">Learn AJAX</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/appml/default.asp">Learn AppML</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/w3js/default.asp">Learn W3.JS</a> <h3 class="w3-margin-top">Programming</h3> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/python/default.asp">Learn Python</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/java/default.asp">Learn Java</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/c/index.php">Learn C</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/cpp/default.asp">Learn C++</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/cs/index.php">Learn C#</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/r/default.asp">Learn R</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/kotlin/index.php">Learn Kotlin</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/go/index.php">Learn Go</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/django/index.php">Learn Django</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/typescript/index.php">Learn TypeScript</a> </div> <div class="w3-col l3 m6"> <h3 class="w3-margin-top">Server Side</h3> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/sql/default.asp">Learn SQL</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/mysql/default.asp">Learn MySQL</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/php/default.asp">Learn PHP</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/asp/default.asp">Learn ASP</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/nodejs/default.asp">Learn Node.js</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/nodejs/nodejs_raspberrypi.asp">Learn Raspberry Pi</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/git/default.asp">Learn Git</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/aws/index.php">Learn AWS Cloud</a> <h3 class="w3-margin-top">Web Building</h3> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="https://www.w3schools.com/spaces" target="_blank" onclick="ga('send', 'event', 'spacesFromTutorialsAcc', 'click');" title="Get Your Own Website With W3schools Spaces">Create a Website <span class="ribbon-topnav ws-yellow">NEW</span></a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/where_to_start.asp">Where To Start</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/w3css/w3css_templates.asp">Web Templates</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/browsers/default.asp">Web Statistics</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/cert/default.asp">Web Certificates</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/whatis/default.asp">Web Development</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/tryit/default.asp">Code Editor</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/typingspeed/default.asp">Test Your Typing Speed</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/codegame/index.html" target="_blank">Play a Code Game</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/cybersecurity/index.php">Cyber Security</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/accessibility/index.php">Accessibility</a> </div> <div class="w3-col l3 m6 w3-hide-medium"> <h3 class="w3-margin-top">Data Analytics</h3> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/ai/default.asp">Learn AI</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/python/python_ml_getting_started.asp">Learn Machine Learning</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/datascience/default.asp">Learn Data Science</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/python/numpy/default.asp">Learn NumPy</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/python/pandas/default.asp">Learn Pandas</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/python/scipy/index.php">Learn SciPy</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/python/matplotlib_intro.asp">Learn Matplotlib</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/statistics/index.php">Learn Statistics</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/excel/index.php">Learn Excel</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/googlesheets/index.php">Learn Google Sheets</a> <h3 class="w3-margin-top">XML Tutorials</h3> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/xml/default.asp">Learn XML</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/xml/ajax_intro.asp">Learn XML AJAX</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/xml/dom_intro.asp">Learn XML DOM</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/xml/xml_dtd_intro.asp">Learn XML DTD</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/xml/schema_intro.asp">Learn XML Schema</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/xml/xsl_intro.asp">Learn XSLT</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/xml/xpath_intro.asp">Learn XPath</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/xml/xquery_intro.asp">Learn XQuery</a> </div> </div> </div> <br class="hidesm"> </nav> <nav id="nav_references" class="w3-hide-small" style="position: absolute; padding-bottom: 60px; display: none;"> <div class="w3-content" style="max-width:1100px;font-size:18px"> <span onclick="w3_close_nav('references')" class="w3-button w3-xxxlarge w3-display-topright w3-hover-white sectionxsclosenavspan" style="padding-right:30px;padding-left:30px;">×</span><br> <div class="w3-row-padding w3-bar-block"> <div class="w3-container" style="padding-left:13px"> <h2 style="color:#FFF4A3;"><b>References</b></h2> </div> <div class="w3-col l3 m6"> <h3 class="w3-margin-top">HTML</h3> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/tags/default.asp">HTML Tag Reference</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/tags/ref_html_browsersupport.asp">HTML Browser Support</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/tags/ref_eventattributes.asp">HTML Event Reference</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/colors/default.asp">HTML Color Reference</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/tags/ref_attributes.asp">HTML Attribute Reference</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/tags/ref_canvas.asp">HTML Canvas Reference</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/graphics/svg_reference.asp">HTML SVG Reference</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/graphics/google_maps_reference.asp">Google Maps Reference</a> <h3 class="w3-margin-top">CSS</h3> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/cssref/default.asp">CSS Reference</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/cssref/css3_browsersupport.asp">CSS Browser Support</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/cssref/css_selectors.asp">CSS Selector Reference</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/bootstrap/bootstrap_ref_all_classes.asp">Bootstrap 3 Reference</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/bootstrap4/bootstrap_ref_all_classes.asp">Bootstrap 4 Reference</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/w3css/w3css_references.asp">W3.CSS Reference</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/icons/icons_reference.asp">Icon Reference</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/sass/sass_functions_string.php">Sass Reference</a> </div> <div class="w3-col l3 m6"> <h3 class="w3-margin-top">JavaScript</h3> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/jsref/default.asp">JavaScript Reference</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/jsref/default.asp">HTML DOM Reference</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/jquery/jquery_ref_overview.asp">jQuery Reference</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/angular/angular_ref_directives.asp">AngularJS Reference</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/appml/appml_reference.asp">AppML Reference</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/w3js/w3js_references.asp">W3.JS Reference</a> <h3 class="w3-margin-top">Programming</h3> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/python/python_reference.asp">Python Reference</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/java/java_ref_keywords.asp">Java Reference</a> </div> <div class="w3-col l3 m6"> <h3 class="w3-margin-top">Server Side</h3> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/sql/sql_ref_keywords.asp">SQL Reference</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/mysql/mysql_ref_functions.asp">MySQL Reference</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/php/php_ref_overview.asp">PHP Reference</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/asp/asp_ref_response.asp">ASP Reference</a> <h3 class="w3-margin-top">XML</h3> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/xml/dom_nodetype.asp">XML DOM Reference</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/xml/dom_http.asp">XML Http Reference</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/xml/xsl_elementref.asp">XSLT Reference</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/xml/schema_elements_ref.asp">XML Schema Reference</a> </div> <div class="w3-col l3 m6"> <h3 class="w3-margin-top">Character Sets</h3> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/charsets/default.asp">HTML Character Sets</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/charsets/ref_html_ascii.asp">HTML ASCII</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/charsets/ref_html_ansi.asp">HTML ANSI</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/charsets/ref_html_ansi.asp">HTML Windows-1252</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/charsets/ref_html_8859.asp">HTML ISO-8859-1</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/charsets/ref_html_symbols.asp">HTML Symbols</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/charsets/ref_html_utf8.asp">HTML UTF-8</a> </div> </div> <br class="hidesm"> </div> </nav> <nav id="nav_exercises" class="w3-hide-small" style="position: absolute; padding-bottom: 60px; display: none;"> <div class="w3-content" style="max-width:1100px;font-size:18px"> <span onclick="w3_close_nav('exercises')" class="w3-button w3-xxxlarge w3-display-topright w3-hover-white sectionxsclosenavspan" style="padding-right:30px;padding-left:30px;">×</span><br> <div class="w3-row-padding w3-bar-block"> <div class="w3-container" style="padding-left:13px"> <h2 style="color:#FFF4A3;"><b>Exercises and Quizzes</b></h2> </div> <div class="w3-col l3 m6"> <h3 class="w3-margin-top"><a class="ws-btn ws-yellow w3-hover-text-white" style="width:155px;font-size:21px" href="/exercises/index.php">Exercises</a></h3> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/html/html_exercises.asp">HTML Exercises</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/css/css_exercises.asp">CSS Exercises</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/js/js_exercises.asp">JavaScript Exercises</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/sql/sql_exercises.asp">SQL Exercises</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/mysql/mysql_exercises.asp">MySQL Exercises</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/php/php_exercises.asp">PHP Exercises</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/python/python_exercises.asp">Python Exercises</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/python/numpy/numpy_exercises.asp">NumPy Exercises</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/python/pandas/pandas_exercises.asp">Pandas Exercises</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/python/scipy/scipy_exercises.php">SciPy Exercises</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/jquery/jquery_exercises.asp">jQuery Exercises</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/java/java_exercises.asp">Java Exercises</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/cpp/cpp_exercises.asp">C++ Exercises</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/cs/cs_exercises.asp">C# Exercises</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/r/r_exercises.asp">R Exercises</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/kotlin/kotlin_exercises.php">Kotlin Exercises</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/go/go_exercises.php">Go Exercises</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/bootstrap/bootstrap_exercises.asp">Bootstrap Exercises</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/bootstrap4/bootstrap_exercises.asp">Bootstrap 4 Exercises</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/bootstrap5/bootstrap_exercises.php">Bootstrap 5 Exercises</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/git/git_exercises.asp">Git Exercises</a> </div> <div class="w3-col l3 m6"> <h3 class="w3-margin-top"><a class="ws-btn ws-yellow w3-hover-text-white" style="width:135px;font-size:21px" href="/quiztest/default.asp">Quizzes</a></h3> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/html/html_quiz.asp" target="_top">HTML Quiz</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/css/css_quiz.asp" target="_top">CSS Quiz</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/js/js_quiz.asp" target="_top">JavaScript Quiz</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/sql/sql_quiz.asp" target="_top">SQL Quiz</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/mysql/mysql_quiz.asp" target="_top">MySQL Quiz</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/php/php_quiz.asp" target="_top">PHP Quiz</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/python/python_quiz.asp" target="_top">Python Quiz</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/python/numpy/numpy_quiz.asp" target="_top">NumPy Quiz</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/python/pandas/pandas_quiz.asp" target="_top">Pandas Quiz</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/python/scipy/scipy_quiz.php" target="_top">SciPy Quiz</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/jquery/jquery_quiz.asp" target="_top">jQuery Quiz</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/java/java_quiz.asp" target="_top">Java Quiz</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/cpp/cpp_quiz.asp" target="_top">C++ Quiz</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/cs/cs_quiz.asp" target="_top">C# Quiz</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/r/r_quiz.asp" target="_top">R Quiz</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/kotlin/kotlin_quiz.php" target="_top">Kotlin Quiz</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/xml/xml_quiz.asp" target="_top">XML Quiz</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/bootstrap/bootstrap_quiz.asp" target="_top">Bootstrap Quiz</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/bootstrap4/bootstrap_quiz.asp" target="_top">Bootstrap 4 Quiz</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/bootstrap5/bootstrap_quiz.php" target="_top">Bootstrap 5 Quiz</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/cybersecurity/cybersecurity_quiz.php">Cyber Security Quiz</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="/accessibility/accessibility_quiz.php">Accessibility Quiz</a> </div> <div class="w3-col l3 m6"> <h3 class="w3-margin-top"><a class="ws-btn ws-yellow w3-hover-text-white" style="width:135px;font-size:21px" href="https://courses.w3schools.com/" target="_blank">Courses</a></h3>  <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="https://courses.w3schools.com/courses/html" target="_blank">HTML Course</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="https://courses.w3schools.com/courses/css" target="_blank">CSS Course</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="https://courses.w3schools.com/courses/javascript" target="_blank">JavaScript Course</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="https://courses.w3schools.com/programs/front-end" target="_blank">Front End Course</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="https://courses.w3schools.com/courses/sql" target="_blank">SQL Course</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="https://courses.w3schools.com/courses/php" target="_blank">PHP Course</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="https://courses.w3schools.com/courses/python" target="_blank">Python Course</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="https://courses.w3schools.com/courses/numpy-fundamentals" target="_blank">NumPy Course</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="https://courses.w3schools.com/courses/pandas-fundamentals" target="_blank">Pandas Course</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="https://courses.w3schools.com/programs/data-analytics" target="_blank">Data Analytics Course</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="https://courses.w3schools.com/courses/jquery" target="_blank">jQuery Course</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="https://courses.w3schools.com/courses/java" target="_blank">Java Course</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="https://courses.w3schools.com/courses/cplusplus" target="_blank">C++ Course</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="https://courses.w3schools.com/courses/c-sharp" target="_blank">C# Course</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="https://courses.w3schools.com/courses/r-fundamentals" target="_blank">R Course</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="https://courses.w3schools.com/courses/xml" target="_blank">XML Course</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="https://courses.w3schools.com/courses/introduction-to-cyber-security" target="_blank">Cyber Security Course</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="https://courses.w3schools.com/courses/accessibility-fundamentals" target="_blank">Accessibility Course</a> </div> <div class="w3-col l3 m6"> <h3 class="w3-margin-top"><a class="ws-btn ws-yellow w3-hover-text-white" style="width:150px;font-size:21px" href="https://courses.w3schools.com/browse/certifications" target="_blank">Certificates</a></h3>  <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="https://courses.w3schools.com/browse/certifications/courses/html-certification-exam" target="_blank">HTML Certificate</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="https://courses.w3schools.com/browse/certifications/courses/css-certification-exam" target="_blank">CSS Certificate</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="https://courses.w3schools.com/browse/certifications/courses/javascript-certification-exam" target="_blank">JavaScript Certificate</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="https://courses.w3schools.com/browse/certifications/courses/front-end-certification-exam" target="_blank">Front End Certificate</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="https://courses.w3schools.com/browse/certifications/courses/sql-certification-exam" target="_blank">SQL Certificate</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="https://courses.w3schools.com/browse/certifications/courses/php-certification-exam" target="_blank">PHP Certificate</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="https://courses.w3schools.com/browse/certifications/courses/python-certificaftion-exam" target="_blank">Python Certificate</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="https://courses.w3schools.com/browse/certifications/courses/data-science-certification-exam" target="_blank">Data Science Certificate</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="https://courses.w3schools.com/browse/certifications/courses/bootstrap-3-certification-exam" target="_blank">Bootstrap 3 Certificate</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="https://courses.w3schools.com/browse/certifications/courses/bootstrap-4-certification-exam" target="_blank">Bootstrap 4 Certificate</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="https://courses.w3schools.com/browse/certifications/courses/jquery-certification-exam" target="_blank">jQuery Certificate</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="https://courses.w3schools.com/browse/certifications/courses/java-certification-exam" target="_blank">Java Certificate</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="https://courses.w3schools.com/browse/certifications/courses/c-certification-exam" target="_blank">C++ Certificate</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="https://courses.w3schools.com/browse/certifications/courses/react-certification-exam" target="_blank">React Certificate</a> <a class="w3-bar-item w3-button" href="https://courses.w3schools.com/browse/certifications/courses/xml-certification-exam" target="_blank">XML Certificate</a> </div> </div> <br class="hidesm"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="myAccordion" class="w3-card-2 w3-center w3-hide-large w3-hide-medium ws-grey" style="width: 100%; position: absolute; display: none; padding-top: 44px;"> <a href="javascript:void(0)" onclick="w3_close()" class="w3-button w3-xxlarge w3-right">×</a><br> <div class="w3-container w3-padding-32"> <a class="w3-button w3-block" style="font-size:22px;" onclick="open_xs_menu('tutorials');" href="javascript:void(0);">Tutorials <i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></a> <div id="sectionxs_tutorials" class="w3-left-align w3-show" style="background-color:#282A35;color:white;"></div> <a class="w3-button w3-block" style="font-size:22px;" onclick="open_xs_menu('references')" href="javascript:void(0);">References <i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></a> <div id="sectionxs_references" class="w3-left-align w3-show" style="background-color:#282A35;color:white;"></div> <a class="w3-button w3-block" style="font-size:22px;" onclick="open_xs_menu('exercises')" href="javascript:void(0);">Exercises <i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></a> <div id="sectionxs_exercises" class="w3-left-align w3-show" style="background-color:#282A35;color:white;"></div> <a class="w3-button w3-block" style="font-size:22px;" href="/cert/default.asp" target="_blank">Paid Courses</a> <a class="w3-button w3-block" style="font-size:22px;" href="https://www.w3schools.com/spaces" target="_blank" onclick="ga('send', 'event', 'spacesFromTutorialsAcc', 'click');" title="Get Your Own Website With W3schools Spaces">Spaces</a> <a class="w3-button w3-block" style="font-size:22px;" target="_blank" href="https://www.w3schools.com/videos/index.php" onclick="ga('send', 'event', 'Videos' , 'fromTopnavMain')" title="Video Tutorials">Videos</a> <a class="w3-button w3-block" style="font-size:22px;" href="https://shop.w3schools.com" target="_blank">Shop</a> <a class="w3-button w3-block" style="font-size:22px;" href="/pro/index.php">Pro</a> </div> </div> <script> ( function setThemeCheckboxes() { var x = localStorage.getItem("preferredmode"); var y = localStorage.getItem("preferredpagemode"); if (x == "dark") { document.getElementById("radio_darkcode").checked = true; } if (y == "dark") { document.getElementById("radio_darkpage").checked = true; } })(); function mouseoverdarkicon() { if(window.matchMedia("(pointer: coarse)").matches) { return false; } var a = document.getElementById("darkmodemenu"); a.style.top = "44px"; } function mouseoutofdarkicon() { var a = document.getElementById("darkmodemenu"); a.style.top = "-40px"; } function changepagetheme(n) { var a = document.getElementById("radio_darkcode"); var b = document.getElementById("radio_darkpage"); document.body.className = document.body.className.replace("darktheme", ""); document.body.className = document.body.className.replace("darkpagetheme", ""); document.body.className = document.body.className.replace(" ", " "); if (a.checked && b.checked) { localStorage.setItem("preferredmode", "light"); localStorage.setItem("preferredpagemode", "light"); a.checked = false; b.checked = false; } else { document.body.className += " darktheme"; document.body.className += " darkpagetheme"; localStorage.setItem("preferredmode", "dark"); localStorage.setItem("preferredpagemode", "dark"); a.checked = true; b.checked = true; } } function click_darkpage() { var b = document.getElementById("radio_darkpage"); if (b.checked) { document.body.className += " darkpagetheme"; document.body.className = document.body.className.replace(" ", " "); localStorage.setItem("preferredpagemode", "dark"); } else { document.body.className = document.body.className.replace("darkpagetheme", ""); document.body.className = document.body.className.replace(" ", " "); localStorage.setItem("preferredpagemode", "light"); } } function click_darkcode() { var a = document.getElementById("radio_darkcode"); if (a.checked) { document.body.className += " darktheme"; document.body.className = document.body.className.replace(" ", " "); localStorage.setItem("preferredmode", "dark"); } else { document.body.className = document.body.className.replace("darktheme", ""); document.body.className = document.body.className.replace(" ", " "); localStorage.setItem("preferredmode", "light"); } } </script> <div class="w3-sidebar w3-collapse" id="sidenav" style="top: 44px; display: none;"> <div id="leftmenuinner" style="padding-top: 44px;"> <div id="leftmenuinnerinner">  <h2 class="left"><span class="left_h2">HTML</span> Reference</h2> <a target="_top" href="default.asp">HTML by Alphabet</a> <a target="_top" href="ref_byfunc.asp">HTML by Category</a> <a target="_top" href="ref_html_browsersupport.asp">HTML Browser Support</a> <a target="_top" href="ref_attributes.asp">HTML Attributes</a> <a target="_top" href="ref_standardattributes.asp">HTML Global Attributes</a> <a target="_top" href="ref_eventattributes.asp">HTML Events</a> <a target="_top" href="ref_colornames.asp">HTML Colors</a> <a target="_top" href="ref_canvas.asp">HTML Canvas</a> <a target="_top" href="ref_av_dom.asp">HTML Audio/Video</a> <a target="_top" href="ref_charactersets.asp">HTML Character Sets</a> <a target="_top" href="ref_html_dtd.asp">HTML Doctypes</a> <a target="_top" href="ref_urlencode.asp">HTML URL Encode</a> <a target="_top" href="ref_language_codes.asp">HTML Language Codes</a> <a target="_top" href="ref_country_codes.asp">HTML Country Codes</a> <a target="_top" href="ref_httpmessages.asp">HTTP Messages</a> <a target="_top" href="ref_httpmethods.asp">HTTP Methods</a> <a target="_top" href="ref_pxtoemconversion.asp">PX to EM Converter</a> <a target="_top" href="ref_keyboardshortcuts.asp">Keyboard Shortcuts</a> <br> <div class="notranslate"> <h2 class="left"><span class="left_h2">HTML</span> Tags</h2> <a target="_top" href="tag_comment.asp">  <div id="adngin-main_leaderboard-0" data-google-query-id="CJPA_sueqvcCFXiOSwUd2fYBLg"><div id="google_ads_iframe_/22152718,16833175/sws-hb//w3schools.com//main_leaderboard_1__container__" style="border: 0pt none;"><iframe id="google_ads_iframe_/22152718,16833175/sws-hb//w3schools.com//main_leaderboard_1" name="google_ads_iframe_/22152718,16833175/sws-hb//w3schools.com//main_leaderboard_1" title="3rd party ad content" width="728" height="90" scrolling="no" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" frameborder="0" role="region" aria-label="Advertisement" tabindex="0" srcdoc="" data-google-container-id="7" style="border: 0px; vertical-align: bottom;" data-load-complete="true"><div style="position: absolute; width: 0px; height: 0px; border: 0px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; overflow: hidden;"><button></button><a href="https://yahoo.com"></a><input></div></iframe></div></div>  </div> <h1>HTML <span class="color_h1"><p></span> Tag</h1> <div class="w3-clear w3-center nextprev"> <a class="w3-left w3-btn" href="tag_output.asp">❮<span class="w3-hide-small"> Previous</span></a> <a class="w3-btn" href="default.asp"><span class="w3-hide-small">Complete HTML </span>Reference</a> <a class="w3-right w3-btn" href="tag_param.asp"><span class="w3-hide-small">Next </span>❯</a> </div> <br> <div class="w3-example"> <h3>Example</h3> <p>A paragraph is marked up as follows:</p> <div class="w3-code notranslate htmlHigh"> <span class="tagnamecolor" style="color:brown"><span class="tagcolor" style="color:mediumblue"><</span>p<span class="tagcolor" style="color:mediumblue">></span></span>This is some text in a paragraph.<span class="tagnamecolor" style="color:brown"><span class="tagcolor" style="color:mediumblue"><</span>/p<span class="tagcolor" style="color:mediumblue">></span></span> </div> <a target="_blank" href="tryit.asp?filename=tryhtml_paragraphs1" class="w3-btn w3-margin-bottom">Try it Yourself »</a> </div> <p>More "Try it Yourself" examples below.</p> <hr> <h2>Definition and Usage</h2> <p>The <code class="w3-codespan"><p></code> tag defines a paragraph.</p> <p>Browsers automatically add a single blank line before and after each <code class="w3-codespan"><p></code> element.</p> <p><strong>Tip:</strong> Use CSS to <a href="/html/html_css.asp">style paragraphs</a>.</p> <hr> <h2>Browser Support</h2> <table class="browserref notranslate"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:20%;font-size:16px;text-align:left;">Element</th> <th style="width:16%;" class="bsChrome" title="Chrome"></th> <th style="width:16%;" class="bsEdge" title="Internet Explorer / Edge"></th> <th style="width:16%;" class="bsFirefox" title="Firefox"></th> <th style="width:16%;" class="bsSafari" title="Safari"></th> <th style="width:16%;" class="bsOpera" title="Opera"></th> </tr><tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><p></td> <td>Yes</td> <td>Yes</td> <td>Yes</td> <td>Yes</td> <td>Yes</td> </tr> </tbody></table> <hr> <h2>Global Attributes</h2> <p>The <code class="w3-codespan"><p></code> tag also supports the <a href="ref_standardattributes.asp">Global Attributes in HTML</a>.</p> <hr> <h2>Event Attributes</h2> <p>The <code class="w3-codespan"><p></code> tag also supports the <a href="ref_eventattributes.asp">Event Attributes in HTML</a>.</p> <hr> <div id="midcontentadcontainer" style="overflow:auto;text-align:center">   <div id="adngin-mid_content-0" data-google-query-id="CKfs_8ueqvcCFXiOSwUd2fYBLg"><div id="sn_ad_label_adngin-mid_content-0" class="sn_ad_label" style="color:#000000;font-size:12px;margin:0;text-align:center;">ADVERTISEMENT</div><div id="google_ads_iframe_/22152718,16833175/sws-hb//w3schools.com//mid_content_1__container__" style="border: 0pt none; display: inline-block; width: 300px; height: 250px;"><iframe frameborder="0" src="https://56d0da6c34aaa471db22bb4266aac656.safeframe.googlesyndication.com/safeframe/1-0-38/html/container.html" id="google_ads_iframe_/22152718,16833175/sws-hb//w3schools.com//mid_content_1" title="3rd party ad content" name="" scrolling="no" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" width="300" height="250" data-is-safeframe="true" sandbox="allow-forms allow-popups allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox allow-same-origin allow-scripts allow-top-navigation-by-user-activation" role="region" aria-label="Advertisement" tabindex="0" data-google-container-id="8" style="border: 0px; vertical-align: bottom;" data-load-complete="true"></iframe></div></div> </div> <hr> <h2>More Examples</h2> <div class="w3-example"> <h3>Example</h3> <p>Align text in a paragraph (with CSS):</p> <div class="w3-code notranslate htmlHigh"> <span class="tagnamecolor" style="color:brown"><span class="tagcolor" style="color:mediumblue"><</span>p<span class="attributecolor" style="color:red"> style<span class="attributevaluecolor" style="color:mediumblue">="text-align:right"</span></span><span class="tagcolor" style="color:mediumblue">></span></span>This is some text in a paragraph.<span class="tagnamecolor" style="color:brown"><span class="tagcolor" style="color:mediumblue"><</span>/p<span class="tagcolor" style="color:mediumblue">></span></span> </div> <a target="_blank" href="tryit.asp?filename=tryhtml_p_align_css" class="w3-btn w3-margin-bottom">Try it Yourself »</a> </div> <div class="w3-example"> <h3>Example</h3> <p>Style paragraphs with CSS:</p> <div class="w3-code notranslate htmlHigh"> <span class="tagnamecolor" style="color:brown"><span class="tagcolor" style="color:mediumblue"><</span>html<span class="tagcolor" style="color:mediumblue">></span></span><br><span class="tagnamecolor" style="color:brown"><span class="tagcolor" style="color:mediumblue"><</span>head<span class="tagcolor" style="color:mediumblue">></span></span><br><span class="tagnamecolor" style="color:brown"><span class="tagcolor" style="color:mediumblue"><</span>style<span class="tagcolor" style="color:mediumblue">></span></span><span class="cssselectorcolor" style="color:brown"><br>p <span class="cssdelimitercolor" style="color:black">{</span><span class="csspropertycolor" style="color:red"><br>  color<span class="csspropertyvaluecolor" style="color:mediumblue"><span class="cssdelimitercolor" style="color:black">:</span> navy<span class="cssdelimitercolor" style="color:black">;</span></span><br>  text-indent<span class="csspropertyvaluecolor" style="color:mediumblue"><span class="cssdelimitercolor" style="color:black">:</span> 30px<span class="cssdelimitercolor" style="color:black">;</span></span><br>  text-transform<span class="csspropertyvaluecolor" style="color:mediumblue"><span class="cssdelimitercolor" style="color:black">:</span> uppercase<span class="cssdelimitercolor" style="color:black">;</span></span><br></span><span class="cssdelimitercolor" style="color:black">}</span><br></span><span class="tagnamecolor" style="color:brown"><span class="tagcolor" style="color:mediumblue"><</span>/style<span class="tagcolor" style="color:mediumblue">></span></span><br> <span class="tagnamecolor" style="color:brown"><span class="tagcolor" style="color:mediumblue"><</span>/head<span class="tagcolor" style="color:mediumblue">></span></span><br><span class="tagnamecolor" style="color:brown"><span class="tagcolor" style="color:mediumblue"><</span>body<span class="tagcolor" style="color:mediumblue">></span></span><br><br><span class="tagnamecolor" style="color:brown"><span class="tagcolor" style="color:mediumblue"><</span>p<span class="tagcolor" style="color:mediumblue">></span></span>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.<span class="tagnamecolor" style="color:brown"><span class="tagcolor" style="color:mediumblue"><</span>/p<span class="tagcolor" style="color:mediumblue">></span></span><br><br><span class="tagnamecolor" style="color:brown"><span class="tagcolor" style="color:mediumblue"><</span>/body<span class="tagcolor" style="color:mediumblue">></span></span><br><span class="tagnamecolor" style="color:brown"><span class="tagcolor" style="color:mediumblue"><</span>/html<span class="tagcolor" style="color:mediumblue">></span></span> </div> <a target="_blank" href="tryit.asp?filename=tryhtml_p_style_css" class="w3-btn w3-margin-bottom">Try it Yourself »</a> </div> <div class="w3-example"> <h3>Example</h3> <p> More on paragraphs:</p> <div class="w3-code notranslate htmlHigh"> <span class="tagnamecolor" style="color:brown"><span class="tagcolor" style="color:mediumblue"><</span>p<span class="tagcolor" style="color:mediumblue">></span></span><br>This paragraph<br>contains a lot of lines<br>in the source code,<br> but the browser <br>ignores it.<br><span class="tagnamecolor" style="color:brown"><span class="tagcolor" style="color:mediumblue"><</span>/p<span class="tagcolor" style="color:mediumblue">></span></span> </div> <a target="_blank" href="tryit.asp?filename=tryhtml_paragraphs2" class="w3-btn w3-margin-bottom">Try it Yourself »</a> </div> <div class="w3-example"> <h3>Example</h3> <p>Poem problems in HTML:</p> <div class="w3-code notranslate htmlHigh"> <span class="tagnamecolor" style="color:brown"><span class="tagcolor" style="color:mediumblue"><</span>p<span class="tagcolor" style="color:mediumblue">></span></span><br>My Bonnie lies over the ocean.<br>My Bonnie lies over the sea.<br>My Bonnie lies over the ocean.<br>Oh, bring back my Bonnie to me.<br><span class="tagnamecolor" style="color:brown"><span class="tagcolor" style="color:mediumblue"><</span>/p<span class="tagcolor" style="color:mediumblue">></span></span> </div> <a target="_blank" href="tryit.asp?filename=tryhtml_poem" class="w3-btn w3-margin-bottom">Try it Yourself »</a> </div> <hr> <h2>Related Pages</h2> <p>HTML tutorial: <a href="/html/html_paragraphs.asp">HTML Paragraphs</a></p> <p>HTML DOM reference: <a href="/jsref/dom_obj_paragraph.asp">Paragraph Object</a></p> <hr> <h2>Default CSS Settings</h2> <p>Most browsers will display the <code class="w3-codespan"><p></code> element with the following default values:</p> <div class="w3-example"> <h3>Example</h3> <div class="w3-code notranslate cssHigh"><span class="cssselectorcolor" style="color:brown"> p <span class="cssdelimitercolor" style="color:black">{</span><span class="csspropertycolor" style="color:red"><br>  display<span class="csspropertyvaluecolor" style="color:mediumblue"><span class="cssdelimitercolor" style="color:black">:</span> block<span class="cssdelimitercolor" style="color:black">;</span></span><br>  margin-top<span class="csspropertyvaluecolor" style="color:mediumblue"><span class="cssdelimitercolor" style="color:black">:</span> 1em<span class="cssdelimitercolor" style="color:black">;</span></span><br>  margin-bottom<span class="csspropertyvaluecolor" style="color:mediumblue"><span class="cssdelimitercolor" style="color:black">:</span> 1em<span class="cssdelimitercolor" style="color:black">;</span></span><br>  margin-left<span class="csspropertyvaluecolor" style="color:mediumblue"><span class="cssdelimitercolor" style="color:black">:</span> 0<span class="cssdelimitercolor" style="color:black">;</span></span><br>  margin-right<span class="csspropertyvaluecolor" style="color:mediumblue"><span class="cssdelimitercolor" style="color:black">:</span> 0<span class="cssdelimitercolor" style="color:black">;</span></span><br></span><span class="cssdelimitercolor" style="color:black">}</span> </span></div> <a target="_blank" href="tryit.asp?filename=tryhtml_p_default_css" class="w3-btn w3-margin-bottom">Try it Yourself »</a> </div> <br> <br> <div class="w3-clear w3-center nextprev"> <a class="w3-left w3-btn" href="tag_output.asp">❮<span class="w3-hide-small"> Previous</span></a> <a class="w3-btn" href="default.asp"><span class="w3-hide-small">Complete HTML </span>Reference</a> <a class="w3-right w3-btn" href="tag_param.asp"><span class="w3-hide-small">Next </span>❯</a> </div> <div id="mypagediv2" style="position:relative;text-align:center;"></div> <br> </div> <div class="w3-col l2 m12" id="right"> <div class="sidesection"> <div id="skyscraper"> <div id="adngin-sidebar_top-0" data-google-query-id="CJXA_sueqvcCFXiOSwUd2fYBLg"><div id="sn_ad_label_adngin-sidebar_top-0" class="sn_ad_label" style="color:#000000;font-size:12px;margin:0;text-align:center;">ADVERTISEMENT</div><div id="google_ads_iframe_/22152718,16833175/sws-hb//w3schools.com//wide_skyscraper_1__container__" style="border: 0pt none;"><iframe id="google_ads_iframe_/22152718,16833175/sws-hb//w3schools.com//wide_skyscraper_1" name="google_ads_iframe_/22152718,16833175/sws-hb//w3schools.com//wide_skyscraper_1" title="3rd party ad content" width="320" height="50" scrolling="no" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" frameborder="0" role="region" aria-label="Advertisement" tabindex="0" srcdoc="" data-google-container-id="9" style="border: 0px; vertical-align: bottom;" data-load-complete="true"></iframe></div></div> </div> </div> <style> .ribbon-vid { font-size:12px; font-weight:bold; padding: 6px 20px; left:-20px; top:-10px; text-align: center; color:black; border-radius:25px; } </style> <div class="sidesection" id="video_sidesection"> <div class="w3-center" style="padding-bottom:7px"> <span class="ribbon-vid ws-yellow">NEW</span> </div> <p style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.5;font-family: Source Sans Pro;padding-left:4px;padding-right:4px;">We just launched<br>W3Schools videos</p> <a onclick="ga('send', 'event', 'Videos' , 'fromSidebar');" href="https://www.w3schools.com/videos/index.php" class="w3-hover-opacity"><img src="/images/htmlvideoad_footer.png" style="max-width:100%;padding:5px 10px 25px 10px" loading="lazy"></a> <a class="ws-button" style="font-size:16px;text-decoration: none !important;display: block !important; color:#FFC0C7!important; width: 100%; border-bottom-left-radius: 5px; border-bottom-right-radius: 5px; paxdding-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 20px; font-family: 'Source Sans Pro', sans-serif; text-align: center;" onclick="ga('send', 'event', 'Videos' , 'fromSidebar');" href="https://www.w3schools.com/videos/index.php">Explore now</a> </div> <div class="sidesection"> <h4><a href="/colors/colors_picker.asp">COLOR PICKER</a></h4> <a href="/colors/colors_picker.asp"> <img src="/images/colorpicker2000.png" alt="colorpicker" loading="lazy"> </a> </div> <div class="sidesection">  <div class="sharethis" style="visibility: visible;"> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/w3schoolscom/" target="_blank" title="Facebook"><span class="fa fa-facebook-square fa-2x"></span></a> <a href="https://www.instagram.com/w3schools.com_official/" target="_blank" title="Instagram"><span class="fa fa-instagram fa-2x"></span></a> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/w3schools.com/" target="_blank" title="LinkedIn"><span class="fa fa-linkedin-square fa-2x"></span></a> <a href="https://discord.gg/6Z7UaRbUQM" target="_blank" title="Join the W3schools community on Discord"><span class="fa fa-discord fa-2x"></span></a> </div> </div>  <style> #courses_get_started_btn { text-decoration:none !important; background-color:#04AA6D; width:100%; border-bottom-left-radius:5px; border-bottom-right-radius:5px; padding-top:10px; padding-bottom:10px; font-family: 'Source Sans Pro', sans-serif; } #courses_get_started_btn:hover { background-color:#059862!important; } </style> <div id="internalCourses" class="sidesection"> <p style="font-size:18px;padding-left:2px;padding-right:2px;">Get certified<br>by completing<br>a course today!</p> <a href="https://courses.w3schools.com" target="_blank" onclick="ga('send', 'event', 'Courses' , 'Clicked on courses banner in ads column');"> <div style="padding:0 20px 20px 20px"> <svg id="w3_cert_badge2" style="margin:auto;width:85%" data-name="w3_cert_badge2" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 300 300"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#04aa6b;}.cls-2{font-size:23px;}.cls-2,.cls-3,.cls-4{fill:#fff;}.cls-2,.cls-3{font-family:RobotoMono-Medium, Roboto Mono;font-weight:500;}.cls-3{font-size:20.08px;}</style></defs><circle class="cls-1" cx="150" cy="150" r="146.47" transform="translate(-62.13 150) rotate(-45)"></circle><text class="cls-2" transform="translate(93.54 63.89) rotate(-29.5)">w</text><text class="cls-2" transform="translate(107.13 56.35) rotate(-20.8)">3</text><text class="cls-2" transform="matrix(0.98, -0.21, 0.21, 0.98, 121.68, 50.97)">s</text><text class="cls-2" transform="translate(136.89 47.84) rotate(-3.47)">c</text><text class="cls-2" transform="translate(152.39 47.03) rotate(5.12)">h</text><text class="cls-2" transform="translate(167.85 48.54) rotate(13.72)">o</text><text class="cls-2" transform="translate(182.89 52.35) rotate(22.34)">o</text><text class="cls-2" transform="matrix(0.86, 0.52, -0.52, 0.86, 197.18, 58.36)">l</text><text class="cls-2" transform="matrix(0.77, 0.64, -0.64, 0.77, 210.4, 66.46)">s</text><text class="cls-3" transform="translate(35.51 186.66) rotate(69.37)"> </text><text class="cls-3" transform="matrix(0.47, 0.88, -0.88, 0.47, 41.27, 201.28)">C</text><text class="cls-3" transform="matrix(0.58, 0.81, -0.81, 0.58, 48.91, 215.03)">E</text><text class="cls-3" transform="matrix(0.67, 0.74, -0.74, 0.67, 58.13, 227.36)">R</text><text class="cls-3" transform="translate(69.16 238.92) rotate(39.44)">T</text><text class="cls-3" transform="matrix(0.85, 0.53, -0.53, 0.85, 81.47, 248.73)">I</text><text class="cls-3" transform="translate(94.94 256.83) rotate(24.36)">F</text><text class="cls-3" transform="translate(109.34 263.09) rotate(16.83)">I</text><text class="cls-3" transform="translate(124.46 267.41) rotate(9.34)">E</text><text class="cls-3" transform="translate(139.99 269.73) rotate(1.88)">D</text><text class="cls-3" transform="translate(155.7 270.01) rotate(-5.58)"> </text><text class="cls-3" transform="translate(171.32 268.24) rotate(-13.06)"> </text><text class="cls-2" transform="translate(187.55 266.81) rotate(-21.04)">.</text><text class="cls-3" transform="translate(203.27 257.7) rotate(-29.24)"> </text><text class="cls-3" transform="translate(216.84 249.83) rotate(-36.75)"> </text><text class="cls-3" transform="translate(229.26 240.26) rotate(-44.15)">2</text><text class="cls-3" transform="translate(240.39 229.13) rotate(-51.62)">0</text><text class="cls-3" transform="translate(249.97 216.63) rotate(-59.17)">2</text><text class="cls-3" transform="matrix(0.4, -0.92, 0.92, 0.4, 257.81, 203.04)">2</text><path class="cls-4" d="M196.64,136.31s3.53,3.8,8.5,3.8c3.9,0,6.75-2.37,6.75-5.59,0-4-3.64-5.81-8-5.81h-2.59l-1.53-3.48,6.86-8.13a34.07,34.07,0,0,1,2.7-2.85s-1.11,0-3.33,0H194.79v-5.86H217.7v4.28l-9.19,10.61c5.18.74,10.24,4.43,10.24,10.92s-4.85,12.3-13.19,12.3a17.36,17.36,0,0,1-12.41-5Z"></path><path class="cls-4" d="M152,144.24l30.24,53.86,14.94-26.61L168.6,120.63H135.36l-13.78,24.53-13.77-24.53H77.93l43.5,77.46.15-.28.16.28Z"></path></svg> </div> </a> <a class="w3-btn" id="courses_get_started_btn" href="https://courses.w3schools.com" target="_blank" onclick="ga('send', 'event', 'Courses' , 'Clicked on courses banner in ads column');">Get started</a> </div>  <div class="sidesection" id="moreAboutSubject"> </div>  <div class="sidesection codegameright ws-turquoise" style="font-size:18px;font-family: 'Source Sans Pro', sans-serif;border-radius:5px;color:#FFC0C7;padding-top:12px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;max-width:230px;"> <style> .codegameright .w3-btn:link,.codegameright .w3-btn:visited { background-color:#04AA6D; border-radius:5px; } .codegameright .w3-btn:hover,.codegameright .w3-btn:active { background-color:#059862!important; text-decoration:none!important; } </style> <h4><a href="/codegame/index.html" class="w3-hover-text-black">CODE GAME</a></h4> <a href="/codegame/index.html" target="_blank" class="w3-hover-opacity"><img style="max-width:100%;margin:16px 0;" src="/images/w3lynx_200.png" alt="Code Game" loading="lazy"></a> <a class="w3-btn w3-block ws-black" href="/codegame/index.html" target="_blank" style="padding-top:10px;padding-bottom:10px;margin-top:12px;border-top-left-radius: 0;border-top-right-radius: 0">Play Game</a> </div>   <div id="stickypos" class="sidesection" style="text-align:center;position:sticky;top:50px;"> <div id="stickyadcontainer" style="width: 653.984px;"> <div style="position:relative;margin:auto;"> <div id="adngin-sidebar_sticky-0-stickypointer" style=""><div id="adngin-sidebar_sticky-0" style=""><div id="sn_ad_label_adngin-sidebar_sticky-0" class="sn_ad_label" style="color:#000000;font-size:12px;margin:0;text-align:center;">ADVERTISEMENT</div></div></div> <script> function secondSnigel() { if(window.adngin && window.adngin.adnginLoaderReady) { if (Number(w3_getStyleValue(document.getElementById("main"), "height").replace("px", "")) > 2200) { if (document.getElementById("adngin-mid_content-0")) { adngin.queue.push(function(){ adngin.cmd.startAuction(["sidebar_sticky", "mid_content" ]); }); } else { adngin.queue.push(function(){ adngin.cmd.startAuction(["sidebar_sticky"]); }); } } else { if (document.getElementById("adngin-mid_content-0")) { adngin.queue.push(function(){ adngin.cmd.startAuction(["mid_content"]); }); } } } else { window.addEventListener('adnginLoaderReady', function() { if (Number(w3_getStyleValue(document.getElementById("main"), "height").replace("px", "")) > 2200) { if (document.getElementById("adngin-mid_content-0")) { adngin.queue.push(function(){ adngin.cmd.startAuction(["sidebar_sticky", "mid_content" ]); }); } else { adngin.queue.push(function(){ adngin.cmd.startAuction(["sidebar_sticky"]); }); } } else { if (document.getElementById("adngin-mid_content-0")) { adngin.queue.push(function(){ adngin.cmd.startAuction(["mid_content"]); }); } } }); } } </script> </div> </div> </div> <script> uic_r_c() </script> </div> </div> <div id="footer" class="footer w3-container w3-white"> <hr> <div style="overflow:auto"> <div class="bottomad">   <div id="adngin-bottom_left-0" style="padding:0 10px 10px 0;float:left;width:auto;" data-google-query-id="CJbA_sueqvcCFXiOSwUd2fYBLg"><div id="sn_ad_label_adngin-bottom_left-0" class="sn_ad_label" style="color:#000000;font-size:12px;margin:0;text-align:center;">ADVERTISEMENT</div><div id="google_ads_iframe_/22152718,16833175/sws-hb//w3schools.com//bottom_medium_rectangle_1__container__" style="border: 0pt none;"><iframe id="google_ads_iframe_/22152718,16833175/sws-hb//w3schools.com//bottom_medium_rectangle_1" name="google_ads_iframe_/22152718,16833175/sws-hb//w3schools.com//bottom_medium_rectangle_1" title="3rd party ad content" width="300" height="250" scrolling="no" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" frameborder="0" role="region" aria-label="Advertisement" tabindex="0" srcdoc="" data-google-container-id="a" style="border: 0px; vertical-align: bottom;" data-load-complete="true"></iframe></div></div>    <div id="adngin-bottom_right-0" style="padding:0 10px 10px 0;float:left;width:auto;"><div id="sn_ad_label_adngin-bottom_right-0" class="sn_ad_label" style="color:#000000;font-size:12px;margin:0;text-align:center;">ADVERTISEMENT</div></div> </div> </div> <hr> <div class="w3-row-padding w3-center w3-small" style="margin:0 -16px;"> <div class="w3-col l3 m3 s12"> <a class="w3-button ws-grey ws-hover-black w3-block w3-round" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="displayError();return false" style="white-space:nowrap;text-decoration:none;margin-top:1px;margin-bottom:1px;font-size:15px;">Report Error</a> </div>  <div class="w3-col l3 m3 s12"> <a class="w3-button ws-grey ws-hover-black w3-block w3-round" href="/forum/default.asp" target="_blank" style="text-decoration:none;margin-top:1px;margin-bottom:1px;font-size:15px">Forum</a> </div> <div class="w3-col l3 m3 s12"> <a class="w3-button ws-grey ws-hover-black w3-block w3-round" href="/about/default.asp" target="_top" style="text-decoration:none;margin-top:1px;margin-bottom:1px;font-size:15px">About</a> </div> <div class="w3-col l3 m3 s12"> <a class="w3-button ws-grey ws-hover-black w3-block w3-round" href="https://shop.w3schools.com/" target="_blank" style="text-decoration:none;margin-top:1px;margin-bottom:1px;font-size:15px">Shop</a> </div> </div> <hr> <div class="ws-grey w3-padding w3-margin-bottom" id="err_form" style="display:none;position:relative"> <span onclick="this.parentElement.style.display='none'" class="w3-button w3-display-topright w3-large">×</span> <h2>Report Error</h2> <p>If you want to report an error, or if you want to make a suggestion, do not hesitate to send us an e-mail:</p> <p>help@w3schools.com</p> <br>  </div> <div class="w3-container ws-grey w3-padding" id="err_sent" style="display:none;position:relative"> <span onclick="this.parentElement.style.display='none'" class="w3-button w3-display-topright">×</span> <h2>Thank You For Helping Us!</h2> <p>Your message has been sent to W3Schools.</p> </div> <div class="w3-row w3-center w3-small"> <div class="w3-col l3 m6 s12"> <div class="top10"> <h5 style="font-family: 'Source Sans Pro', sans-serif;">Top Tutorials</h5> <a href="/html/default.asp">HTML Tutorial</a><br> <a href="/css/default.asp">CSS Tutorial</a><br> <a href="/js/default.asp">JavaScript Tutorial</a><br> <a href="/howto/default.asp">How To Tutorial</a><br> <a href="/sql/default.asp">SQL Tutorial</a><br> <a href="/python/default.asp">Python Tutorial</a><br> <a href="/w3css/default.asp">W3.CSS Tutorial</a><br> <a href="/bootstrap/bootstrap_ver.asp">Bootstrap Tutorial</a><br> <a href="/php/default.asp">PHP Tutorial</a><br> <a href="/java/default.asp">Java Tutorial</a><br> <a href="/cpp/default.asp">C++ Tutorial</a><br> <a href="/jquery/default.asp">jQuery Tutorial</a><br> </div> </div> <div class="w3-col l3 m6 s12"> <div class="top10"> <h5 style="font-family: 'Source Sans Pro', sans-serif;">Top References</h5> <a href="/tags/default.asp">HTML Reference</a><br> <a href="/cssref/default.asp">CSS Reference</a><br> <a href="/jsref/default.asp">JavaScript Reference</a><br> <a href="/sql/sql_ref_keywords.asp">SQL Reference</a><br> <a href="/python/python_reference.asp">Python Reference</a><br> <a href="/w3css/w3css_references.asp">W3.CSS Reference</a><br> <a href="/bootstrap/bootstrap_ref_all_classes.asp">Bootstrap Reference</a><br> <a href="/php/php_ref_overview.asp">PHP Reference</a><br> <a href="/colors/colors_names.asp">HTML Colors</a><br> <a href="/java/java_ref_keywords.asp">Java Reference</a><br> <a href="/angular/angular_ref_directives.asp">Angular Reference</a><br> <a href="/jquery/jquery_ref_overview.asp">jQuery Reference</a><br> </div> </div> <div class="w3-col l3 m6 s12"> <div class="top10"> <h5 style="font-family: 'Source Sans Pro', sans-serif;">Top Examples</h5> <a href="/html/html_examples.asp">HTML Examples</a><br> <a href="/css/css_examples.asp">CSS Examples</a><br> <a href="/js/js_examples.asp">JavaScript Examples</a><br> <a href="/howto/default.asp">How To Examples</a><br> <a href="/sql/sql_examples.asp">SQL Examples</a><br> <a href="/python/python_examples.asp">Python Examples</a><br> <a href="/w3css/w3css_examples.asp">W3.CSS Examples</a><br> <a href="/bootstrap/bootstrap_examples.asp">Bootstrap Examples</a><br> <a href="/php/php_examples.asp">PHP Examples</a><br> <a href="/java/java_examples.asp">Java Examples</a><br> <a href="/xml/xml_examples.asp">XML Examples</a><br> <a href="/jquery/jquery_examples.asp">jQuery Examples</a><br> </div> </div> <div class="w3-col l3 m6 s12"> <div class="top10">  <h5 style="font-family: 'Source Sans Pro', sans-serif;">Web Courses</h5> <a href="https://courses.w3schools.com/courses/html" target="_blank" onclick="ga('send', 'event', 'Courses' , 'Clicked on html course link in footer');">HTML Course</a><br> <a href="https://courses.w3schools.com/courses/css" target="_blank" onclick="ga('send', 'event', 'Courses' , 'Clicked on css course link in footer');">CSS Course</a><br> <a href="https://courses.w3schools.com/courses/javascript" target="_blank" onclick="ga('send', 'event', 'Courses' , 'Clicked on javascript course link in footer');">JavaScript Course</a><br> <a href="https://courses.w3schools.com/programs/front-end" target="_blank" onclick="ga('send', 'event', 'Courses' , 'Clicked on Front End course link in footer');">Front End Course</a><br> <a href="https://courses.w3schools.com/courses/sql" target="_blank" onclick="ga('send', 'event', 'Courses' , 'Clicked on sql course link in footer');">SQL Course</a><br> <a href="https://courses.w3schools.com/courses/python" target="_blank" onclick="ga('send', 'event', 'Courses' , 'Clicked on python course link in footer');">Python Course</a><br> <a href="https://courses.w3schools.com/courses/php" target="_blank" onclick="ga('send', 'event', 'Courses' , 'Clicked on php course link in footer');">PHP Course</a><br> <a href="https://courses.w3schools.com/courses/jquery" target="_blank" onclick="ga('send', 'event', 'Courses' , 'Clicked on jquery course link in footer');">jQuery Course</a><br> <a href="https://courses.w3schools.com/courses/java" target="_blank" onclick="ga('send', 'event', 'Courses' , 'Clicked on Java course link in footer');">Java Course</a><br> <a href="https://courses.w3schools.com/courses/cplusplus" target="_blank" onclick="ga('send', 'event', 'Courses' , 'Clicked on C++ course link in footer');">C++ Course</a><br> <a href="https://courses.w3schools.com/courses/c-sharp" target="_blank" onclick="ga('send', 'event', 'Courses' , 'Clicked on bootstrap C# link in footer');">C# Course</a><br> <a href="https://courses.w3schools.com/courses/xml" target="_blank" onclick="ga('send', 'event', 'Courses' , 'Clicked on xml course link in footer');">XML Course</a><br> <a href="https://courses.w3schools.com/" target="_blank" class="w3-button w3-margin-top ws-black ws-hover-black w3-round" style="text-decoration:none" onclick="ga('send', 'event', 'Courses' , 'Clicked on get certified button in footer');"> Get Certified »</a> </div> </div> </div> <hr> <div class="w3-center w3-small w3-opacity"> W3Schools is optimized for learning and training. Examples might be simplified to improve reading and learning. Tutorials, references, and examples are constantly reviewed to avoid errors, but we cannot warrant full correctness of all content. While using W3Schools, you agree to have read and accepted our <a href="/about/about_copyright.asp">terms of use</a>, <a href="/about/about_privacy.asp">cookie and privacy policy</a>.<br><br> <a href="/about/about_copyright.asp">Copyright 1999-2022</a> by Refsnes Data. All Rights Reserved.<br> <a href="//www.w3schools.com/w3css/default.asp">W3Schools is Powered by W3.CSS</a>.<br><br> </div> <div class="w3-center w3-small"> <a href="//www.w3schools.com"> <i class="fa fa-logo ws-text-green ws-hover-text-green" style="position:relative;font-size:42px!important;"></i> </a></div><a href="//www.w3schools.com"> <br><br> </a></div><a href="//www.w3schools.com"> </a></div><iframe name="__tcfapiLocator" style="display: none;"></iframe><iframe name="__uspapiLocator" style="display: none;"></iframe><a href="//www.w3schools.com"> <script src="/lib/w3schools_footer.js?update=20220202"></script> <script> MyLearning.loadUser('footer'); function docReady(fn) { document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", fn); if (document.readyState === "interactive" || document.readyState === "complete" ) { fn(); } } uic_r_z(); uic_r_d() </script><iframe src="https://56d0da6c34aaa471db22bb4266aac656.safeframe.googlesyndication.com/safeframe/1-0-38/html/container.html" style="visibility: hidden; display: none;"></iframe>  </a><script type="text/javascript" src="https://geo.moatads.com/n.js?e=35&ol=3318087536&qn=%604%7BZEYwoqI%24%5BK%2BdLLU)%2CMm~tM!90vv9L%24%2FoDb%2Fz(lKm3GFlNUU%2Cu%5Bh_GcS%25%5BHvLU%5B4(K%2B%7BgeFWl_%3DNqUXR%3A%3D%2BAxMn%3Ch%2CyenA8p%2FHm%24%60%233P(ry5*ZRocMp1tq%5BN%7Bq%60RP%3CG.ceFW%7CoG%22mxT%3Bwv%40V374BKm55%3D%261fp%5BoU5t(KX%3C%3Ce%24%26%3B%23wPjrBEe31k5X%5BG%5E%5B)%2C2iVSWf3Stnq%263t!9jr%7BRzI%2C%7BOCb%25%24(%3DNqU%60W5u%7Bo(zs1CoK%2Bdr%5BG)%2C3ii)RGL3emgSuRVE&tf=1_nMzjG---CSa7H-1SJH-bW7qhB-LRwqH-nMzjG-&vi=111111&rb=2-90xv0J4P%2FoMsPm8%2BZbNmT2EB%2BBOA3JNdQL68hLPh4bg2%2F%2FnQIIWF3Q%3D%3D&rs=1-iHtHGE9B1zA1OQ%3D%3D&sc=1&os=1-3g%3D%3D&qp=10000&is=BBBBB2BBEYBvGl2BBCkqtUTE1RmsqbKW8BsrBu0rCFE48CRBeeBS2hWTMBBQeQBBn2soYggyUig0CBlWZ0uBBCCCCCCOgRBBiOfnE6Bkg7Oxib8MxOtJYHCBdm5kBhIcC9Y8oBXckXBR76iUUsJBCBBBBBBBBBWBBBj3BBBZeGV2BBBCMciUBBBjgEBBBBBB94UMgTdJMtEcpMBBBQBBBniOccBBBBBB47kNwxBbBBBBBBBBBhcjG6BBJM2L4Bk8BwCBQmIoRBBCzBz1BBCTClBBrbGBC4ehueB57NG9aJeRzBqEKBBBBBBB&iv=8&qt=0&gz=0&hh=0&hn=0&tw=&qc=0&qd=0&qf=1240&qe=883&qh=1280&qg=984&qm=-330&qa=1280&qb=1024&qi=1280&qj=984&to=000&po=1-0020002000002120&vy=ot%24b%5Bh%40%22oDgO%3DLlE6%3Avy%2CUitwb4%5Du!%3CFo%40Y_3r%3F%5DAY~MhXyz%26_%5B*Rp%7C%3EoDKmsiFDRz%5EmlNM%22%254ZpaR%5BA7Do%2C%3Bg%2C%2C%40W7RbzTmejO%3Def%2C%7Bvp%7C9%7C_%3Bm_Qrw5.W%2F84VKp%40i6AKx!ehV%7Du!%3CFo%40pF&ql=%3B%5BpwxnRd%7Dt%3Aa%5DmJVOG)%2C~%405%2F%5BGI%3F6C(TgPB*e%5D1(rI%24(rj2Iy!pw%40aOS%3DyNX8Y%7BQgPB*e%5D1(rI%24(rj%5EB61%2F%3DSqcMr1%7B%2CJA%24Jz_%255tTL%3Fwbs_T%234%25%60X%3CA&qo=0&qr=0&i=TRIPLELIFT1&hp=1&wf=1&ra=1&pxm=8&sgs=3&vb=6&kq=1&hq=0&hs=0&hu=0&hr=0&ht=1&dnt=0&bq=0&f=0&j=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com&t=1650718754860&de=466991431602&m=0&ar=bee2df476bf-clean&iw=2a1d5c5&q=2&cb=0&ym=0&cu=1650718754860&ll=3&lm=0&ln=1&r=0&em=0&en=0&d=6737%3A94724%3Aundefined%3A10&zMoatTactic=undefined&zMoatPixelParams=aid%3A29695277962791520917040%3Bsr%3A10%3Buid%3A0%3B&zMoatOrigSlicer1=2662&zMoatOrigSlicer2=39&zMoatJS=-&zGSRC=1&gu=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3schools.com%2Ftags%2Ftag_p.asp&id=1&ii=4&bo=2662&bd=w3schools.com&gw=triplelift879988051105&fd=1&ac=1&it=500&ti=0&ih=1&pe=1%3A512%3A512%3A1026%3A846&jm=-1&fs=198121&na=2100642455&cs=0&ord=1650718754860&jv=1483802810&callback=DOMlessLLDcallback_5147906"></script><iframe src="https://www.google.com/recaptcha/api2/aframe" width="0" height="0" style="display: none;"></iframe></body><iframe sandbox="allow-scripts allow-same-origin" id="936be7941bd9c5c" frameborder="0" allowtransparency="true" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" width="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" height="0" style="height:0px;width:0px;display:none;" scrolling="no" src="https://jp-u.openx.net/w/1.0/pd?plm=6&ph=8a7ca719-8c2c-4c16-98ad-37ac6dbf26e9&gdpr=0&us_privacy=1---"> </iframe><iframe sandbox="allow-scripts allow-same-origin" id="94da8182082e79b" frameborder="0" allowtransparency="true" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" width="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" height="0" style="height:0px;width:0px;display:none;" scrolling="no" src="https://eus.rubiconproject.com/usync.html?us_privacy=1---"> </iframe><iframe sandbox="allow-scripts allow-same-origin" id="950ad185776f97c" frameborder="0" allowtransparency="true" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" width="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" height="0" style="height:0px;width:0px;display:none;" scrolling="no" src="https://cdn.connectad.io/connectmyusers.php?us_privacy=1---&"> </iframe><iframe sandbox="allow-scripts allow-same-origin" id="960961bdb263a5c" frameborder="0" allowtransparency="true" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" width="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" height="0" style="height:0px;width:0px;display:none;" scrolling="no" src="https://ads.pubmatic.com/AdServer/js/user_sync.html?kdntuid=1&p=157369&gdpr=0&gdpr_consent=&us_privacy=1---"> </iframe><iframe sandbox="allow-scripts allow-same-origin" id="973d77507d8ed2c" frameborder="0" allowtransparency="true" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" width="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" height="0" style="height:0px;width:0px;display:none;" scrolling="no" src="https://s.amazon-adsystem.com/iu3?cm3ppd=1&d=dtb-pub&csif=t&dl=n-index_pm-db5_ym_rbd_n-vmg_ox-db5_smrt_an-db5_3lift"> </iframe><iframe sandbox="allow-scripts allow-same-origin" id="986df094b3ccc6f" frameborder="0" allowtransparency="true" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" width="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" height="0" style="height:0px;width:0px;display:none;" scrolling="no" src="https://biddr.brealtime.com/check.html"> </iframe><iframe sandbox="allow-scripts allow-same-origin" id="9984b091a86efa7" frameborder="0" allowtransparency="true" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" width="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" height="0" style="height:0px;width:0px;display:none;" scrolling="no" src="https://js-sec.indexww.com/um/ixmatch.html"> </iframe><iframe sandbox="allow-scripts allow-same-origin" id="1004b17db44af55b" frameborder="0" allowtransparency="true" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" width="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" height="0" style="height:0px;width:0px;display:none;" scrolling="no" src="https://csync.smilewanted.com?us_privacy=1---"> </iframe><iframe sandbox="allow-scripts allow-same-origin" id="101af22cac10bcfd" frameborder="0" allowtransparency="true" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" width="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" height="0" style="height:0px;width:0px;display:none;" scrolling="no" src="https://onetag-sys.com/usync/?cb=1650718752982&us_privacy=1---"> </iframe><iframe sandbox="allow-scripts allow-same-origin" id="10290b51ae900f2b" frameborder="0" allowtransparency="true" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" width="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" height="0" style="height:0px;width:0px;display:none;" scrolling="no" src="https://eb2.3lift.com/sync?us_privacy=1---&"> </iframe><iframe sandbox="allow-scripts allow-same-origin" id="103d27603dbc3983" frameborder="0" allowtransparency="true" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" width="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" height="0" style="height:0px;width:0px;display:none;" scrolling="no" src="https://acdn.adnxs.com/dmp/async_usersync.html"> </iframe></html>