pysamstats

A Python utility for calculating statistics against genome positions based on sequence alignments from a SAM or BAM file.

• Source: https://github.com/alimanfoo/pysamstats
• Download: http://pypi.python.org/pypi/pysamstats
• Release notes: https://github.com/alimanfoo/pysamstats/releases

Installation

The easiest way to install pysamstats is via conda, e.g.:

$ conda install -c bioconda pysamstats

Alternatively, pysamstats can be installed from source via pip.

$ pip install pysamstats

Alternatively, clone the git repo and install:

$ git clone git://github.com/alimanfoo/pysamstats.git
$ cd pysamstats
$ python setup.py install
$ nosetests -v  # optional, run test suite

If you have problems installing pysam, please email the pysam user group.

N.B., some functions also require numpy and pytables to be installed.

Usage

From the command line:

$ pysamstats --help
Usage: pysamstats [options] FILE

Calculate statistics against genome positions based on sequence alignments
from a SAM or BAM file and print them to stdout.

Options:
  -h, --help            show this help message and exit
  -t TYPE, --type=TYPE  Type of statistics to print, one of: alignment_binned,
                        baseq, baseq_ext, baseq_ext_strand, baseq_strand,
                        coverage, coverage_binned, coverage_ext,
                        coverage_ext_binned, coverage_ext_strand, coverage_gc,
                        coverage_strand, mapq, mapq_binned, mapq_strand, tlen,
                        tlen_binned, tlen_strand, variation, variation_strand.
  -c CHROMOSOME, --chromosome=CHROMOSOME
                        Chromosome name.
  -s START, --start=START
                        Start position (1-based).
  -e END, --end=END     End position (1-based).
  -z, --zero-based      Use zero-based coordinates (default is false, i.e.,
                        use one-based coords).
  -u, --truncate        Truncate pileup-based stats so no records are emitted
                        outside the specified range.
  -S STEPPER, --stepper=STEPPER
                        Stepper to provide to underlying pysam call. Options
                        are:"all" (default): all reads are returned, except
                        where flags BAM_FUNMAP, BAM_FSECONDARY, BAM_FQCFAIL,
                        BAM_FDUP set; "nofilter" applies no filter to returned
                        reads; "samtools": filter & read processing as in
                        _csamtools_ pileup. This requires a fasta file. For
                        complete details see the pysam documentation.
  -d, --pad             Pad pileup-based stats so a record is emitted for
                        every position (default is only covered positions).
  -D MAX_DEPTH, --max-depth=MAX_DEPTH
                        Maximum read depth permitted in pileup-based
                        statistics. The default limit is 8000.
  -f FASTA, --fasta=FASTA
                        Reference sequence file, only required for some
                        statistics.
  -o, --omit-header     Omit header row from output.
  -p N, --progress=N    Report progress every N rows.
  --window-size=N       Size of window for binned statistics (default is 300).
  --window-offset=N     Window offset to use for deciding which genome
                        position to report binned statistics against. The
                        default is 150, i.e., the middle of 300bp window.
  --format=FORMAT       Output format, one of {tsv, csv, hdf5} (defaults to
                        tsv). N.B., hdf5 requires PyTables to be installed.
  --output=OUTPUT       Path to output file. If not provided, write to stdout.
  --fields=FIELDS       Comma-separated list of fields to output (defaults to
                        all fields).
  --hdf5-group=HDF5_GROUP
                        Name of HDF5 group to write to (defaults to the root
                        group).
  --hdf5-dataset=HDF5_DATASET
                        Name of HDF5 dataset to create (defaults to "data").
  --hdf5-complib=HDF5_COMPLIB
                        HDF5 compression library (defaults to zlib).
  --hdf5-complevel=HDF5_COMPLEVEL
                        HDF5 compression level (defaults to 5).
  --hdf5-chunksize=HDF5_CHUNKSIZE
                        Size of chunks in number of bytes (defaults to 2**20).
  --min-mapq=MIN_MAPQ   Only reads with mapping quality equal to or greater
                        than this value will be counted (0 by default).
  --min-baseq=MIN_BASEQ
                        Only reads with base quality equal to or greater than
                        this value will be counted (0 by default). Only
                        applies to pileup-based statistics.
  --no-dup              Don't count reads flagged as duplicate.
  --no-del              Don't count reads aligned with a deletion at the given
                        position. Only applies to pileup-based statistics.

Pileup-based statistics types (each row has statistics over reads in a pileup column):

    * coverage            - Number of reads aligned to each genome position
                            (total and properly paired).
    * coverage_strand     - As coverage but with forward/reverse strand counts.
    * coverage_ext        - Various additional coverage metrics, including
                            coverage for reads not properly paired (mate
                            unmapped, mate on other chromosome, ...).
    * coverage_ext_strand - As coverage_ext but with forward/reverse strand counts.
    * coverage_gc         - As coverage but also includes a column for %GC.
    * variation           - Numbers of matches, mismatches, deletions,
                            insertions, etc.
    * variation_strand    - As variation but with forward/reverse strand counts.
    * tlen                - Insert size statistics.
    * tlen_strand         - As tlen but with statistics by forward/reverse strand.
    * mapq                - Mapping quality statistics.
    * mapq_strand         - As mapq but with statistics by forward/reverse strand.
    * baseq               - Base quality statistics.
    * baseq_strand        - As baseq but with statistics by forward/reverse strand.
    * baseq_ext           - Extended base quality statistics, including qualities
                            of bases matching and mismatching reference.
    * baseq_ext_strand    - As baseq_ext but with statistics by forward/reverse strand.

Binned statistics types (each row has statistics over reads aligned starting within a genome window):

    * coverage_binned     - As coverage but binned.
    * coverage_ext_binned - As coverage_ext but binned.
    * mapq_binned         - Similar to mapq but binned.
    * alignment_binned    - Aggregated counts from cigar strings.
    * tlen_binned         - As tlen but binned.

Examples:

    pysamstats --type coverage example.bam > example.coverage.txt
    pysamstats --type coverage --chromosome Pf3D7_v3_01 --start 100000 --end 200000 example.bam > example.coverage.txt

Version: 1.1.2 (pysam 0.15.1)

From Python:

import pysam
import pysamstats

mybam = pysam.AlignmentFile('/path/to/your/bamfile.bam')

# iterate over statistics, one record at a time
for rec in pysamstats.stat_coverage(mybam, chrom='Pf3D7_01_v3', start=10000, end=20000):
    print rec['chrom'], rec['pos'], rec['reads_all'], rec['reads_pp']
    ...

For convenience, functions are provided for loading data directly into numpy arrays, e.g.:

import pysam
import pysamstats
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

mybam = pysam.AlignmentFile('/path/to/your/bamfile.bam')
a = pysamstats.load_coverage(mybam, chrom='Pf3D7_01_v3', start=10000, end=20000)
plt.plot(a.pos, a.reads_all)
plt.show()

For pileup-based statistics functions, note the following:

• By default a row is emitted for all genome positions covered by reads overlapping the selected region. This means rows will be emitted for positions outside the selected region, but statistics may not be accurate as not all reads overlapping that position will have been counted. To truncate output to exactly the selected region, provide a truncate=True keyword argument.
• By default a row is only emitted for genome positions covered by at least one read. To emit a row for every genome position, provide a pad=True keyword argument.
• By default the number of reads in a pileup column is limited to 8000. To increase this limit, provide a max_depth=100000 keyword argument (or whatever number is suitable for your situation).

Field definitions

The suffix _fwd means the field is restricted to reads mapped to the forward strand, and _rev means the field is restricted to reads mapped to the reverse strand. E.g., reads_fwd means the number of reads mapped to the forward strand.

The suffix _pp means the field is restricted to reads flagged as properly paired.

• chrom - Chromosome name.

• pos - Position within chromosome. One-based by default when using the command line, zero-based by default when using the python API.

• reads_all - Number of reads aligned at the position. N.b., this is really the total, i.e., includes reads where the mate is unmapped or otherwise not properly paired.

• reads_pp - Number of reads flagged as properly paired by the aligner.

• reads_mate_unmapped - Number of reads where the mate is unmapped.

• reads_mate_other_chr - Number of reads where the mate is mapped to another chromosome.

• reads_mate_same_strand - Number of reads where the mate is mapped to the same strand.

• reads_faceaway - Number of reads where the read and its mate are mapped facing away from each other.

• reads_softclipped - Number of reads where there is some softclipping at some point in the read's alignment (not necessarily at this position).

• reads_duplicate - Number of reads that are flagged as duplicate.

• gc - Percentage GC content in the reference at this position (depends on window length and offset specified).

• matches - Number of reads where the aligned base matches the reference.

• mismatches - Number of reads where the aligned base does not match the reference (but is not a deletion).

• deletions - Number of reads where there is a deletion in the alignment at this position.

• insertions - Number of reads where there is an insertion in the alignment at this position.

• A/C/T/G/N - Number of reads where the aligned base is an A/C/T/G/N.

• mean_tlen - Mean value of outer distance between reads and their mates for paired reads aligned at this position. N.B., leftmost reads in a pair have a positive tlen, rightmost reads have a negative tlen, so if there is no strand bias, this value should be 0.

• rms_tlen - Root-mean-square value of outer distance between reads and their mates for paired reads aligned at this position.

• - Standard deviation of outer distance between reads and their mates for paired reads aligned at this position.

Release n